定语从句的关系词知识
定语从句的关系词
一.什么是从属复合句
在第七讲(坐标语法)里讲到,英句子的特点是:词可以做句子成分,短语可以做句子成分,句子也可以做句子成分,成分中还可以有成分,从句中还可以有从句。简单地说,从属复合句就是用一个句子做另一个句子的成分,被用做句子成分的句子就是从句,另一个句子就是主句。既然从句是用做句子成分,我们可以以句子成分来对从句进行分类,也可以按词性来对从句进行分类。按词性分,从句可分为:形容词性从句,名词性从句与副词性从句三大类;按句子成分来分,可分为:定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句六种。
二.定语从句与关系词的功能
定语从句起到形容词或限定词的语法作用,在句中修饰或限定某一个名词或代词,一般置于其所修饰或限定的词后面。被定语从句修饰的'词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词的作用一是起到连接从句作用,并在从句中充一定的语法成分,关系词要与先行词保持数的一致,二是关系词的表意功能取决于先行词即,关系词的含义是指代先行词,连接定语从句的连接词之所以叫关系词,就是与先行词产生关系之意。在关系词的选择上,我们要考虑关系词这两个方面的作用即,关系词的语法 功能与表意功能。
三. 例题解析
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
解析:定语从句不缺句子主干成分,从语法 功能上讲不能选关系代词B。从表意功能上看,先行词是national parks,因此答案选D。
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
解析:本题定语从句的主语是生活(lives),不缺句子主干成分,从语法 功能上讲不能选关系代词BCD三个选项,固选A ,用来whose 限定lives。
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
解析:本题定语从句明显缺主语,不能选A 关系代词who的宾格形式 ,C what为名词性从句中的代词,剩下BC两个关系代词,再看先行词是 those指的是那些人,固选B。
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
解析:本题定语从句不缺句子主干成分,从语法 功能上讲不能选关系代词B,从表意功能上看,先行词为letter,意思是在信中他解释说,固选C。
5. There is no simple answer; _____ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
解析:本题定语从句明显缺主语,所以不能选C和D,从句的意思是就如在科学中那样子,含有如,像之意固选A。
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
解析:本题定语从句明显缺主语,固不能选A与B,先 行词为island,是指处所,所以选C。
7. _________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C . What D. As
解析:本题与第五题相同,选D
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
解析:本题定语从句不缺句子主干成分,live为不及物动词。先行词是the environment,意思是我们住在这个环境里,固选D。
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________ is announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
解析:本题定语从句明显缺主语,D不能选,因为what不是定语从句中的代词。本题没有具体的先行词,在非限定性定语从句中,关系词可指代主句所指的事,所以不能选C。非限定性定语从句,当要用到指物的关系代词时,不能用that,固选B。
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________ I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
解析:
本题定语从句不缺句子主干成分,stay为不及物动词。先行词为the house,表处所,固先C。
四.定语从句考考你(用适当的关系词填空)
1. Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected.
3. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
4. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident.
5. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.
6. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
7. _________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
8. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live.
9. We have launched another man-made satellite, _________is announced in today’s newspaper.
10. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _________I would be staying.
11.” You can’t judge a book by its cover”, _________the old saying goes.
12. The children, all of ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
13. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
14. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _________ are family members.
15. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _________made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
16. It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
17. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
18. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
19. Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
20. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere in ______ his employees enjoy their work.
21. The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
22. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
23. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
24. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
25. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
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