关系代词定语从句

系词的用法与区别定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。下面为大家介绍的是关系代词定语从句用法，欢迎参考!

在复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。学习定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose(一般指人);which(一般指物); that(指人或物)等。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。如：

1. This is the teacher who / that teaches us English. 这就是教我们英语的老师。(关系代词who / that 作主语。)

2. Do you understand the sentence which / that I have just explained to you? 你们懂不懂我刚才给你们讲的那个句子?(关系代词which / that 作have explained 的宾语。)

3. China is no longer the country that she used to be. 中国不再是过去那样的国家了。(关系代词that 作be的表语。)

4. Do you know the student whose composition is the best in our school? 你认识那个在我们学校作文最好的学生吗?(关系代词whose作composition的定语。)

　　关系代词引导定语从句要注意下列几个问题：

一、 关系代词与先行词。关系代词所修饰的(或指代的)词叫做先行词;先行词如果是“物”，则关系代词用which或that; 先行词如果是“人”，则关系代词用who或that; 也就是说，that既可用来修饰“人”也可用来修饰“物”。如：

1. This is the newspaper which / that I am looking for.

[分析]定语从句的先行词为news-paper, 故关系代词可以用which或that。

2. Mr. Li is the teacher who/that teaches us English.

[分析]定语从句的'先行词为teacher, 故关系代词可以用who或that。

但如果先行词为all， everything， anything， nothing， little, much 等不定代词，或先行词被very， all， no， any， every， little， much， only等不定代词修饰时，关系代词只用that; 如果先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，关系代词也只用that; 如果先行词既有“人”又有“物”时，关系代词也只能用that。如：

1. Finally, the thief handed every-thing that he had stolen to the police.

2. That’s the only thing that we can do now.

3. This is the first composition that I have written in English.

4. We often talk of the persons and things that we knew in the school.

　　二、省略与不能省略。关系代词作主语，不能省略;关系代词作宾语，可以省略。如：

1. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing.

[分析] Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks是主句; that were built about 300 years ago in Beijing是定语从句。关系代词that作定语从句的主语，故不能省略。

2. The book (which / that) I lent you yesterday is my brother’s.

[分析] The book is my brother’s是主句;(which / that) I lent you yesterday是定语从句。关系代词which / that作定语从句里谓语动词的宾语，故可以省略。

3. The old man with white hair (who/ whom / that ) we saw at yesterday’s meeting is a professor.

[分析] The old man with white hair is a professor.是主句;(who/whom/that)we saw at yesterday’s meeting是定语从句。关系代词who/whom/that作谓语动词saw的宾语，故可以省略。

　　三、whose的用法。不管先行词是“人”还是“物”，都可以用关系代词whose作定语修饰后面的名词。如：

1. This book is for the students whose native language is not English.

[分析] whose的先行词是“人”;whose 的意思相当于the students’， 在定语从句里充当定语。

2. Do you know who is living in that house whose windows face south?

[分析] whose的先行词是that house; whose window的意思相当于the window of that house, 在定语从句里充当定语。

　　四、who与 whom。 指代“人”的关系代词作宾语时，既可用who也可用whom, 但作主语时只能用who。如：

1. Is this the man who / whom you asked for help yesterday?

[分析] 因为关系代词作asked的宾语，故既可以用who也可以用whom(当然也可以省略)。

2. This is the man who helped me carry my bag upstairs.

[分析]因为关系代词作主语，故只能用who (当然也可以用that)。