定语从句关系词的指代

　　定语从句关系词的指代

　一、指人的关系代词。

主格——who，用在动词前，作主语。

属格——whose，用在名词前作定语。

宾格——whom，用在主语、谓语动词的前面，作动词或介系词的宾语。当介系词位于句子的末尾的时候，可以用who或whom来表示，但是如果把介系词提到从句之首，关系代词只能用whom。

The student who answered the question was Richard.

回答这个问题的同学是约翰。

I know a boy whose mother is a doctor.

我认识一位妈妈是医生的男孩。

The man whom she married was a teacher.

她嫁的那个人是一位教师。

The person of whom you are speaking is our principal.

你提到的那个人是我们的校长。

The person who you are speaking of is our principal.

你提到的那个人是我们的校长。

　　二、指物的.关系代词。

主格——which，用在动词前，作主语。

属格——whose，用在名词前作定语。

宾格——which，用在主语、谓语动词的前面，作动词或介系词的宾语。我们把介系词提前，只能用which。

English is a language which is spoken all over the world.

英语是全世界通用的语言。

Look at that house whose roof was damaged.

看那幢屋顶受损的房子。

Remember the advice which I gave you.

记住我给你的那条忠告。

The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late.

我在等的那班火车已经晚了半小时。

　　三、指人或物的关系代词。

主格——that，用在动词前，作主语。

属格——whose，用在名词前作定语。

宾格——that，用在主语、谓语动词的前面，作动词或介系词的宾语。

The boy that is playing the guitar is Richard.

正在弹吉他的男孩是理查德。

I like the building that was designed by Mr. Howell.

我喜欢那幢被毫尔先生设计出来的大楼。

He was looking for a car whose engine was in good condition.

他在找一辆引擎状况很好的车子。

The sandwiches that we ate for lunch weren't delicious.

我们午餐吃的三明治不好吃。

　　四、其它关系代词。

as，指前面的整个句子，可以作主语或宾语，如：

The earth is round, as is known to all.

人人皆知，地球是圆的。

The elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.

任何人都能看见，大象就像条蛇。

than，用在比较句中，可以指代人或物。如：

You spent more money than was intended to be spent.

你花的钱超过了预定的数额。

but，表示否定，可以指代人或物。如：

There are no rules but have some exceptions.

凡规则皆有例外。

There is no mother but loves her children.

没有哪个母亲不爱自己的子女。