2017雅思语法讲义要点汇总

　　一、名词性从句

概念：在一个英语句子当中，特定的成份必须用名词性结构来表示。名词性结构分为两种：名词和名词从句。名词从句就是语法功能相当于名词或名词短语的从句。简而言之,它是一种用从句来代替名词的句型。

考生常见问题: 缺乏“名词意识”.

1. (1). Save money is beneficial for one’s life after retirement. (　)

(2). There are more and more young criminals in the society has drawn the attention of media. (　)

2. Some people believe that mobile phones have taken the place of write letters. (　)

l 名词性从句重点句型

1. What从句

(写作) 通过打工，我们获得的不仅仅是工作经验。它同样能帮助我们把在学校里学到的东西运用到实践当中。

2. that 从句

(写作) 新东方能够培养出

3. 主语从句的变形

由连词that引导的主语从句，在实际使用中that从句一般由it做形式主语。

That practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) is known to us. (Rare)

It is known to us/widely accepted that practice makes perfect. (Common)

Tip: 在英语当中表示“据……”的句型一般都用It is + 过去分词 + that引导的主语从句(一般表示某种情况。)

据估计: It is estimated that …… 据报道: It is reported that ……

从图表当中我们可以看到: It could be noted from the graph that……

　　二、定语从句

1.概念

用一个主谓结构完整的句子作定语(定语的两种形式adj+n/n+定语从句)，修饰前面的名词，代词，短语，甚至是整个句子的从句。简单来说就是把从句放在某个单词/词组/句子后面来对其进行修饰。

两个首先必须明确的概念： 先行词和关系词

Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon movie (先行词) that/which (关系词) I have watched this year.

(阅读) There has been a significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce in Australia.

3.分类

定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。

限制性定语从句： England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas (哥白尼学说) with enthusiasm.

(阅读) One new keyboard included keys which produced letters which frequently occur together in English, like –ing and –th and –ed, so the word “thing” would take two strokes to write instead of five.

非限制性定语从句： Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism(磁力).

(阅读) It is very likely that the key board, which we have used for over a century, will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation (听写) as we speak to them.

Tip: 在雅思阅读中，遇到__________________定语从句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。

定语从句和先行词之间有没有逗号，会直接决定句子意思的不同。试比较以下两个句子意思的不同：

1. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves which are too small individually to consider.

2. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves, which are too small individually to consider.

(写作)不少人认为如今被人们广泛使用的电脑未来总有一天将会彻底取代电视机。

Quite a number of people believe that televisions will be replaced by computers___

四. 常见关系词　which, that, where, when, who, whom, whose

单元练习：

(写作) 环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。

(写作) 有的孩子从来不做家务，这使得他们越来越依赖他们的父母。

(口语) 我计划于2010年回国，到那时候我将年满30岁。

表示 “做……是重要/必要的”的时候, 主语从句必须用虚拟语气(should+动词原型).

It is important/essential/vital/necessary that sb/sth (should) do sth

在我看来,政府向老年人提供经济援助至关重要.

4. 由疑问词(how, when, where, whether, why, who)等引导的名词性从句

考生常见问题：

(写作) 很多人根本不明白存钱的目的何在.

Many people don’t know what is the purpose of save money. ( )