新概念英语第四册翻译标准与方法
《新概念英语》经典教材通过完整的英语学习体系,帮助学生掌握英语的4项基本技能——听、说、读、写,使学生能在学习中最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。下面是由小编为大家分享新概念英语第四册翻译标准与方法,欢迎大家阅读浏览。
翻译的标准
Speaking of criteria of translation, as early as in the Tang Dynasty, the learned Monk Xuan Zang designed criteria of translation with emphasis placed on accuracy and general knowledge. In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Fu established a three character standard in translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance, which are similar to "Triness" by Herbert Rotheinstein. Faithfulness, expressiveness and gracefulness which are considered the golden rule in the field of translation.
说起翻译的标准,早在唐朝,学识渊博的玄奘法师就把翻译标准的重点放在语言的精准度以及知识的通俗易懂上。清朝时候,严复创立了一个翻译的“三字标准”:信,达,雅。这和赫伯特·罗森斯坦提出的"Triness"原则有异曲同工之妙。忠于原著、富有表达力和文风优雅被看做翻译界的金科玉律。
After the May 4 th Movement, Lu Xun proposed: faithfulness and smoothness as the criteria of translation.
在五四运动后,鲁迅提议:“信”和“顺”可以构成翻译的标准。
Shortly after the birth of New China, quite a lot of translators put forward various criteria, such as faithfulness, smoothness, accuracy, fluency and so on ...
新中国成立不久,很多翻译家提出各种各样的'标准,像“忠实”、“通顺”、“准确”、“流畅”。
Still, some people made diverse interpretations to Yan Fu's three-character criteria of translation as:
另外有些译者则对严复的翻译“三字标准”做出了不同版本的解释。比如:
Faithfulness — being faithful
expressiveness — being explicit
elegance — elegant in words
“信”— 忠于原文
“达”— 明确详尽
“雅”— 措辞优雅
Which is different from Yan's own definition:
这和严复自己的解释不同:
faithfulness — narrate the original article clearly
expressiveness — express the context smoothly
elegance — use the character standard, syntax before the Han Dynasty
“信”— 达旨(将原文说明)
“达”— 前后引衬,以显其意(译文通顺明白)
“雅”— 尔雅(用汉以前字法、句法)
IV. Methods of Translation
翻译的方法
In translation from English into Chinese, the principal methods used are:
通常把英语译成汉语,有下面几种主要方法:
1. Literal translation (metaphrase)
2. Literal translation (paraphrase)
3. Transliteration (translation according to pronunciation)
1. 直译
2. 意译
3. 音译
The last one, however, is scarcely used unless it is absolutely necessary. Transliteration is mainly used in translating proper nouns, such as names of persons, places, scientific terms and etc. Whether a translation will be faithful to be the original in all the aspects depends on the possibility of finding the closest, the most natural equivalence. And it also depends on to a great extent a good command of the transformation of the key sentence and the choice of surface structure by a translator.
最后一种音译的方法,不到万不得已的时候我们基本不用。音译通常用于翻译专有名词,像姓名、地名、科学术语等等。一个翻译作品是否完全忠于原文,取决于译者能否为原文在文体上找到最贴近、最自然的对等语,同时也在很大程度上取决于译者能否准确地掌握核心句的转化以及对表层形式的选择。
例子:
1. He bent solely upon profit.
A. Surface:他只屈身于利润之前。
B. Shallow:只有利润才使他低头。
C. Deep:他惟利是图。
2. We are here today and gone tomorrow.
A. Surface:我今天在这里,明天就到别处了。
B. Shallow:今日在世,明日辞世(死去)。
C. Deep:人生朝露。
3. John is tall like I am the queen of Sheba.
A. Surface:约翰高得像是示巴皇后。
B. Shallow:约翰高的话,我就是示巴皇后。
C. Deep:要说约翰个头高,没那回事。
*上述几句中的Translation C在翻译时打破了原句结构,实则是看到了句子中更深层的东西。我们可以说在翻译过程中,当神与形矛盾而又无法同一时,应重神似,有时不得不牺牲形式。
4. Their accent couldn't fool a native speaker.
当地人一听口音,就知道他们是外地人。
5. Truth lies at the bottom of the decanter.
酒后露真言。
6. Darkness released him from his last restraints.
一到天黑,他就原形毕露。
7. How much did you suffer?
"Plenty," the old man said. —The Old Man and Sea
“你吃了多少苦头?”
“一言难尽。 ”老头说。
—《老人与海》
8. How many winter days have I seen him, standing blue-nosed in the snow and east wind!
在许多个冬日我都看见他,鼻子冻得发紫,站在飞雪和寒风中。
9. The thought that Huck might have failed was intolerable, agonizing.
一想到哈克可能失败了,(我们)就难以忍受,痛苦不堪。
-
托业考试阅读全攻略
考试是一种技能,技能就需要练习。每个人在练习的过程当中多多少少都会有启发。以上总结的攻略虽然并非所有人都适用,但也希望起到抛砖迎玉之用。再次提醒,如果所有的方法都不奏效的时候,想短时间内提分的猛药还是题海战术!总共有三大题,100小题。考生须阅读多种题材...
-
托业英语常考的重点词汇
亲爱的同学:你好!时光荏苒,岁月如梭。一转眼,我们走出母校的大门已有12个(春夏秋冬),如果不去刻意计算,谁又会想到,居然已经这么久了。同窗的好友身居何方?工作事业是否繁忙?尽管毕业后,我们为事业、为生活、仿佛渐渐淡出了同学的视窗……但同学的旧时同窗之情是不会淡忘的...
-
朗文小学英语教材第三册第三和第四单元
朗文小学英语教材第三册第三和第四单元教授了大家书包和教室里的.基本物品的说法,下面是课文,欢迎阅读!Unit3Inmyschoolbag.[00:05.20]ALookandsay.[00:09.46]Here'syourcup.Thankyou.[00:16.82]Hereareyourstickers.[00:20.38]Here'syourcup.Thankyou.[...
-
2017高考英语核心高频词汇复习
高中的教学内容与其之前的初等教育(小学)、中等教育初级阶段(初中)相比,具有更强的理论色彩。在高中毕业后大部分的学生都会参加高考然后进入大学深造。为了帮助大家备考高考英语,小编分享了一些高考英语词汇,希望能对大家有所帮助!slidev.滑动,滑落n.滑动;滑面;...