新概念英语第一册语法归纳
引导语:《新概念英语》作为一套世界闻名的英语教程,以其全新的教学理念,有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练,深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。以下是本站小编为大家整理的新概念英语第一册语法归纳,欢迎阅读!
感叹句
感叹句:
1) What +名词+主语+谓语
What a beautiful girl she is!
What tall buildings they are!
2) How +形容词+主语+谓语
How beautiful the girl is!
How tall the buildings are!
• 在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略:
What a nice present!(省略it is)
How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调。
★肯定句:动词原型
Come here, please.
Go downstairs, please.
Stand up.
Sit down.
Be quiet.
Be careful.
祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾:
Come in, Amy.
Sit down here, Tom.
Mary, give me a book please.
★否定:Don't+动词原型
Don't come here.
Don't sit down.
Don't stand up.
Don't give me it.
let sb. do 让某人做
Let me pass.
Let us have a rest.
Let's have a rest.
反意疑问:
Let's have a walk along the river, shall we?
Let us go out for a drink, will you?
so/neither的倒装
倒装句:so/neither的倒装
eg: He can swim. So can I.
She didn't go to class. Neither did I.
结构:
so/neither+be+ 主语
so/neither+助动词+ 主语
so/neither+情态动词+ 主语
助动词:
一般现在时: do, does/am, is, are
现在进行时: am, is, are
一般过去时: did
现在完成时: have, has
一般将来时: will, shall
过去进行时: was, were
过去完成时: had
过去将来时: would
直接引语/间接引语
如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词
1) 时态变化:
一般现在时——一般过去时
现在进行时——过去进行时
一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成时——过去完成时
一般将来时——过去将来时
be going to——was/were going to/would
can--could
may--might
2) 时间地点及指示词的变化:
here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…
3) 人称变化:根据句意改变人称。
4) 直接宾语/间接宾语
主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的.直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。
He gives me a book.(me间接宾语,a book直接宾语)
直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for:
主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语
Give me a book. = Give the book to me.
Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.
Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.
动词的变化
1)代词及be动词
主格 I we you you she/he/it they
宾格 me us you you her/him/it them
代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their
名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs
be动词现在时 Am are are are is are
be动词过去时 was were were were was were
2)名词的复数
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches
规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes
规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study→studies
3)动词的第三人称单数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches
规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies
4)动词现在分词
规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing
规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving
规则3 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping
5)动词过去式
规则动词变化
规则1 一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played
规则2 以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived
规则3 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried
规则4 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped
过去式的读音
在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped
在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched
在/t/,/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated
6)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
比较级
规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher
规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-er busy-busier
规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter
最高级
规则1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest
规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest
规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-est busy-busiest
规则4 重读闭音节结尾, 双写辅音字母再加--est fat-fattest
7)常见缩写:
is='s I am=I'm are='re
is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/
do not=don't
does not=doesn't
was='s
did not=didn't
can not=can't
have='ve
has='s
have not=haven't
has not=hasn't
will='ll
will not=won't
shall not=shan't
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