2017年职称英语卫生概括大意试题

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　　Eye Problems

1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts ( 白内障).

2 The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外线)are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye.

Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision andeventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.

3 “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s," says Dr. M/re/lle Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.

4 It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.

5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.

6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (电磁场) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which results from staring at a screen.

23. Paragraph 2 __________

24. Paragraph 3 __________

25. Paragraph 5 __________

26. Paragraph 6 __________

A. The development of poor night vision

B. The greatest threat to the eyes

C. The function of sunglasses

D. The reason for children's nearsightedness

E. The effects of computer on the eyes

F. The ways to reduce eve comolaints

27. Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of__________.

28. We can wear anti-UV glasses to protect ___________.

29. We used to believe that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from __________.

30. Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to __________.

A. our parents

B. clouded vision

C. eye muscles

D. our eyes

E. computer use

F. eye move

　　答案与解析

23.B。第二段的主题句为第一句，即臭氧层的稀薄意味着更多的紫外线到达地球，而这些紫外线是视线模糊的最大危险因素，所以选项B(眼镜的最大威胁)为正确答案。

24.F。第三段没有明显主题句，该段主要讲40岁以上的人群中很多都有小的眼睛问题，往往是因为用眼过度造成的，因而要学会锻炼眼部肌肉并使其得到休息，所以选项F(减少眼病的方法)为正确答案。

25.D。第五段没有明显的主题句，该段讲到美国和欧洲有80%的孩子都患有近视眼，而长期盯着平面的东西是主要原因，所以选项D(孩子患近视眼的原因)为正确答案。

26.E。第六段的主题句为第一句，即“在地表之下有很大的天然气储存”，所以选项E(电脑对眼镜的影响)为正确答案。

27.B。题干：夏天的`阳光被认为是__________的原因。利用题干关键词sunlight in summer可以定位到第一段“Sunlight，especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts”。由此可知，夏天的阳光容易引起白内障，再定位cataracts可以定位到第二段“…the comea causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts”，由此可知选项B(模糊的视觉)为正确答案。

28.D。题干：我们可以戴防紫外线的太阳镜来保护__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段“The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV ver,OUr eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses”，意为“紫外线可以通过防紫外线的眼镜得到防御。但是，我们的眼睛并未从那些时尚的太阳镜得到充分的保护”，所以选项D(我们的眼睛)为正确答案。

29.A。题干：我们过去常常认为近视眼或远视眼是遗传于__________。利用题干关键词near-or far-eyesight和inherit可以定位第四段“It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents”，意为“传统上认为近视或者远视是从父母那里遗传来的”，所有选项A(我们的父母)为正确答案。

30.E。题干：超过25%的人有夜晚视觉的问题，因为__________。利用题干关键词23%可以定位到最后一段“Problems with night vision，which affect around 25 percent of people,are also on the increase because of computer use”，意为“夜晚视觉的问题，影响了约25%的人群，因为电脑的使用数量还在增加”，所以选项E(电脑的使用)为正确答案。