意大利语复合时态
学习意大利语怎么能不知道复合时态的用法,下面就让小编为大家讲解一下。
The compound tenses (i tempi composti) are verb tenses that consist of two words, such as the passato prossimo (present perfect). Both the verbs essere and avere act as helping verbs in compound tense formations. For example: io sono stato (I was) and ho avuto (I had).
Present Perfect with Avere
In general, transitive verbs (verbs that carry over an action from the subject to the direct object) are conjugated with avere as in the following example:
Il pilota ha pilotato l'aeroplano. (The pilot flew the plane.)
When the passato prossimo is constructed with avere, the past participle does not change according to gender or number:
Io ho parlato con Giorgio ieri pomeriggio. (I spoke to George yesterday afternoon.)
Noi abbiamo comprato molte cose. (We bought many things.)
When the past participle of a verb conjugated with avere is preceded by the third person direct object pronouns lo, la, le, or li, the past participle agrees with the preceding direct object pronoun in gender and number. The past participle may agree with the direct object pronouns mi, ti, ci, and vi when these precede the verb, but the agreement is not mandatory.
Ho bevuto la birra. (I drank the beer.)
L'ho bevuta. (I drank it.)
Ho comprato il sale e il pepe. (I bought the salt and pepper.)
Li ho comprati. (I bought them.)
Ci hanno visto/visti. (They saw us.)
In negative sentences, non is placed before the auxiliary verb:
Molti non hanno pagato. (Many didn't pay.)
No, non ho ordinato una pizza. (No, I didn't order a pizza.)
Present Perfect with Essere
When essere is used, the past participle always agrees in gender and number with the subject of the verb, so you have four endings to choose from: -o, -a, -i, -e. In many cases, intransitive verbs (those that cannot take a direct object), especially those expressing motion, are conjugated with the auxiliary verb essere. The verb essere is also conjugated with itself as the auxiliary verb.
Some of the most common verbs that form compound tenses with essere are listed in the table below:
INTRANSITIVE ITALIAN VERBS THAT APPEAR WITH ESSERE IN PRESENT PERFECT | |
andare | to go |
arrivare | to arrive |
cadere | to fall |
dimagrire | to diet |
entrare | to enter |
immigrare | to immigrate |
morire | to die |
partire | to depart |
restare | to stay, to remain |
(ri)tornare | to return |
salpare | to weigh anchor, to set sail |
sfuggire | to run away, to flee |
stare | to stay, to be |
uscire | to go out |
venire | to come |
-
意大利语服装词汇汇总
米兰是意大利的`第二大城市。国际四大著名时装周之一的米兰时装周一直被认为是世界时装设计和消费的晴雨表。下面和小编一起看看关于服装的词汇用意大利语应该怎么说!品牌marchio挂牌cartellino商标eticette尺码taglia洗水唛et.dilav条形码barcode钮扣botone拉...
-
意大利语学习必读
意大利语属印欧语系罗曼语族。古代意大利语是拉丁语的一种方言,可以说现代意大利语是最接近拉丁语的语言。1294年但丁首次使用了拉丁语(latino)这个词,用于描写居住在今天的意大利拉齐奥(Lazio)地区的古代人民所使用的语言。今天,在意大利的拉齐奥大区的当地人就是古...
-
意大利语学习基础会话:职业与工作
PROFESSIONEELAVORO职业与工作Chelavorofa?(Dichecosasioccupa?)您干什么工作(您从事什么工作)?Facciol’interprete.我当翻译。Mioccupodifisicanucleare.我从事核物理工作。Qualeèlasuaprofessione?您的职业是什么?(Io)sonoprofessiore.我是教师。Diprofessione...
-
意大利语文章阅读
意大利语的书写充满了艺术气息和华丽的'感觉。下面是小编整理的意大利语的文章,欢迎大家阅读!InItalianoL'invernoètradizionalmenteconsideratolastagionedellefesteintuttoilmondo:Hanukah,Natale,Kwanzaa,Capodanno,pernominarnealcune.Levariees...