初三英语垂悬结构知识点总结
所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分,如分词短语,不定式动词短语等,找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法,应该避免。
下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法:
⒈垂悬分词或分词短语,如:
① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.
这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二:
(a)确定是逻辑主语,使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”
(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句):“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”
⒉垂悬副词短语,如:
② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同:
(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
⒊垂悬不定式动词短语,如:
③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.
④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.
这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”,真正的主语必须是“ 人”,如:
(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.
(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.
上述三类垂悬结构中,第一类发生的.频率最高,必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下,分词短语是对的,它们并非垂悬结构:
第一,独立结构(The Absolute Construction,见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语,所以不是垂悬结构。例如:
① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.
第二,当分词含有介词或连词性质时,它不需要逻辑主语,所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如:
② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.
③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.
第三,当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时,也不需要逻辑主语,因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如:
④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.
⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.
-
自我介绍英语口语(通用14篇)
当来到的一个陌生的地方时,需要我们进行自我介绍,自我介绍是一展示自己的手段。那么自我介绍有什么格式呢?以下是小编为大家整理的自我介绍英语口语(通用14篇),欢迎阅读与收藏。自我介绍英语口语篇1Hello,nameisxxx.I'mtwelveyearsold.IamaMiddleschoolstudent.I...
-
教师职业体验社会实践报告(通用8篇)
难忘的社会实践结束了,你收获了什么?此时此刻我们需要做一个实践报告。你想知道实践报告怎么写吗?下面是小编整理的教师职业体验社会实践报告,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。教师职业体验社会实践报告篇1作为一名大学生,最终是要走出校园,走入社会的。参加社会实践活动...
-
初二开学第一课观后感范文600字(通用30篇)
当认真看完一部影视作品后,相信大家有很多值得分享的东西吧,为此需要好好认真地写观后感。那么我们该怎么去写观后感呢?以下是小编为大家整理的初二开学第一课观后感范文600字,欢迎阅读与收藏。初二开学第一课观后感600字篇1今年的《开学第一课》以“奋斗成就梦想...
-
八年级物理个人教学总结
总结是指社会团体、企业单位和个人对某一阶段的学习、工作或其完成情况加以回顾和分析,得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料,它能够使头脑更加清醒,目标更加明确,因此好好准备一份总结吧。你所见过的总结应该是什么样的?以下是小编整理的八年级物理个人教学总结...