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定语从句 引导词

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有关定语从句的引导词的知识大家都了解多少呢?以下是小编收集的相关信息,仅供大家阅读参考!

定语从句 引导词

定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类。

懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。

1. 关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语,whose

作定语。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如:

The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定语从句中作主语)

That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略)

Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定从中作表语)

A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物,在定从中作主语)

2. 关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因),在定语从句中作状语。

例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)

The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.

注意:不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从,不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如:Well visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.

(which或that在定从中作主语,where不可用主语,故不可用)

They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.

(which或that在定从中作spent的'宾语,when不可作宾语,故不可用)

定语从句的基本知识

一、定义

定语从句是指在句中做定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句,其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时,其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。

二、定语从句的结构

定语从句一般位于先行词的后面,定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which,that, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导。

(一)关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

(1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中做主语和宾语。例如:

·Is he the manwho/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中做主语)

·He is the manwhom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中做宾语)

(2)whose用作关系词表示所属格,也可看作是关系形容词,因为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:

·They rushed over to help the manwhose car had broken down.

那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

(3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如:

·A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen beforeappears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)

(二)关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

(1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如:

·There are occasionswhen(on which)one must yield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

·Beijing is the placewhere(in which)I was born.

北京是我的出生地。

·Is this the reasonwhy(for which)he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

(2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如:

·His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.

他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

·He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

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