怎样讲定语从句

　　怎样讲定语从句

　　1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句

代替人 代替物 代替人或物

主语 Who which that

主语 Whom which that

宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)

例１：This is the detective who came from London.

例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

例３：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

例４：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

　　２．关系代词的用法

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

All the people that are present burst into tears.

(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：

(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。

3. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

4. which作宾语：，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

　5. 代表物时多用which：但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

6. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人：分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的.宾语

　7. where是关系副词：用来表示地点的定语从句

　　8. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

9. whose是关系代词：修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

　　10. 当从句的逻辑主语：some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导