2015年职称英语《理工类》考试专项练习题

单项选择题

1、 He often finds fault with my work.

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2、Since I have been ill,my appetite has diminished.

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3、根据下列材料，请回答题

Avalanche and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are_____ (51) the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.

All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope _____ (52) supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is _____ (53) to cause an avalanche, _____ (54) a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.

Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low (55) of avalanche. Snow does not _____ (56) significantly on steep slopes ; also, snow does not _____ (57) easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is _____ (58) 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is v(59) enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with_____ (60) ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.

Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous_____ (61) , including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather _____ (62) , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also v(63) the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid (64) to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are_____ (65) or damaged. Avoid travelling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

__________

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4、 The U. S. faces severe economic problems.

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5、 His claims seem credible to many people.

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6、阅读材料，回答题：

Transport and Trade

1Transport is one of the aids to moving goods from places where they are plentiful toplaces where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be broughtover the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were norailways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on asmall scale.

2The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied byabig increase in trade. bigger and faster ships enabled atrade in meat to develop between britainand New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big busi-ness, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. big factories could not ex-ist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. bigcity stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs andgoods were delivered to their homes. big cities could not survive unless food could be brought fromadistance.

3Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it couldnot B.e taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us amuch greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during apart of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport hasraised the standard of living.

4by moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, for example, through electriccables, transporthas led to the ment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossi-ble before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better andmore cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quickertransport becomes,the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countrieswith poor transport have alower standard of living.

5Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messagesand information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send informationabout prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the worlD. In this way, ad-vanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

Paragraph 2__________

er Living Standard

rtance of Transport in Trade

ous Means of Transport

h of Transport-related Industries and Trade

of Information in Trade

icTransportation

7、回答题：

A Star Is Born

1. The VLT (Very Large Telescope) is the world's largest telescope ( 望远镜) and is taking astronomers (天文学家 ) further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible. Located 2,600 metres up io the Chilean Andes, it has four huge mirrors, each about the size of a London bus. The VLT is so powerful it can spot a burning match 10,000 kilometres away.

2. This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision ( 碰撞 ) of galaxies ( 星系 ) on the edge of the cosmos ( 宇宙 ). The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos. The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed.

3. Take the case of Eta Carinae, one of the most explosive stars in the universe. This star produces ultraviolet laser rays ( 紫外线 ) and it will destroy itself in a few million years' time. It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for!

4. But it is at distances of millions, even billions, of light years that the VLT really shows its power. The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed. This gives astronomers their first-ever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos.

5. In other words, the VLT is a kind of a time machine. It takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other. The effects of these past collisions can now be seen by scientists, and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come. One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time, and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.

Paragraph 1__________

ts that Took Place before the Earth Existed

r of the Telescope

ils of Eta Carinae

ntion of a Time Machine

est Telescope

8、回答题：

Earthquake

How does an earthquake start?

What makes an earthquake happen?The rock of the earth’s crust(地壳)may have a fault，a kind of break in the surface.

The blocks which make up the earth move，and sometimes this may cause the sides of the fault to move up and down or lengthways(纵向地)against each one piece of rock starts to rub on another with great force，a lot of energy is energy is changed into vibrations(振动)and it is these vibrations that we reef as an vibrations can travel thousands of kilometers and so an earthquake in Turkey may be felt in Greece.

What to do during an earthquake?

At school

As soon as the earthquake starts，students should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come teacher should，at the SalTle time，go immediately to the teacher’s desk，get underneath(在……下面)it and stay there till the danger is ents must not argue with the teacher or question instructions.

As soon as the tremors(震动)stop，all students should walk towards the exit and go straight to the school playground or any open space such as a square or a must wait there until the teacher tells them it is safe to go.

At home

If you are at home when the earthquake immediately under the table in the living room or se the biggest and strongest table you can must not go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony(阳台) the tremors have stopped，you can come out from under the table but you must leave the building straight should walk down the stairs and should not use the lift- there may be a power cut as a result of the earthquake and you could find yourself trapped inside the lift for hours.

In the street

If you are in the street when the earthquake takes place，do not stand near es or walls-move away as quickly as possible and try to find a large open space to wait ding under trees could also be dangerous.

People knew long ago how an earthquake starts.

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9、 The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan.

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10、 In order to survive man needs to consume food and water.