2017职称英语试题综合A级模拟题(阅读理解)

职称英语考试中，阅读理解能把握得怎么样，直接决定能不能及格。它是整个考试备考过程中最重要的一个环节。 以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于职称英语试题综合A级模拟题(阅读理解)，供大家备考。

第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。每道题后面有4个选项，请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　第一篇

　"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common

Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant--may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.

Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.

Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist."It could be as high as 30%," Pfenninger says.

"I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing."

Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.

Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).

The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.

In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says.

Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.

31. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?

A. The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.

B. The restllts of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.

C. The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.

D. The results of the research can help our understanding of"survival of the fittest".

32. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?

A. They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.

B. They were mostly found in insects find reptiles.

C. They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions.

D. Both B and C.

33. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?

A. Not yet.

B. Yes, they do.

C. They will know the answer in another one or two years.

D. They will never know the answer.

34. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?

A. The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.

B. They are interbreeding species.

C. They are two genetically distant species.

D. They depend on each other for survival.

35. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early use scientists

A. identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.

B. thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.

C. thought there was only one mosquito species.

D. did not know what species was being studied.

　第二篇

　　Star Quality

A new anti-cheating system for counting the judges' scores in ice skating is flawed, according to leading sports specialists. Ice skating's governing body announced the new rules last week after concerns that a judge at the Winter Olympics may have been unfairly influenced.

Initially the judges in the pairs figure-skating event at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City voted 5 to 4 to give the gold medal to a Russian pair, even though they had a fall during their routine. But the International Skating Union suspended the French judge for failing to reveal that she had been put under pressure to vote for the Russians. The International Olympics Committee then decided to give a second gold to the Canadian runners-up ( 亚军).

The ISU, skating's governing body, now says it intends to change the rules. In future 14 judges will judge each event, but only 7 of their scores-selected at random-will count.

The ISU won't finally approve the new system until it meets in June but already UK Sport, the British Government's sports body, has expressed reservations. "I remain to be convinced that the random selection system would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethical sport is looking for," says Jerry Bingham, UK Sport's head of ethics (伦理).

A random system can still be manipulated, says Mark Dixon, a specialist on sports statistics from the Royal Statistical Society in London. "The score of one or two judges who have been nobbled(受理贿赂) may still be in the seven selected."

Many other sports that have judges, including diving, gymnastics, and synchronized swimming, have a system that discards the highest and lowest scores. If a judge was under pressure to favour a particular team, they would tend to give it very high scores and mark down the opposition team, so their scores wouldn't count. It works for diving, says Jeff Cook, a member of the international government body's technical committee. "If you remove those at the top and bottom you're left with those in the middle, so you're getting a reasonable average."

Since the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, diving has tightened up in its system still further. Two separate panels of judges score different rounds of diving during top competitions. Neither panel knows the scores given by the other. "We have done this to head off any suggestion of bias," says Cook.

Bingham urged the ISU to consider other options. "This should involve examining the way in which other sports deal with the problem of adjudicating (裁定) on matter of style and presentation," he says.

36. Who won the gold medal in the pairs figure-skating event?

A. The Russian pair.

B. The Canadian pair.

C. Both the Russian pair and the Canadian pair.

D. The French pair.

37. According to the new rules proposed by the ISU, which of the following is right?

A. The number of judges will be doubled.

B. Only half of the judges will score.

C. Only some selected judges will score.

D. Only half of the scores will count.