2017年职称英语考试卫生类真题训练

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　　Ear Breakthrough

New research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people.

The latest research, conducted by Dr. Jorg T. Albet, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory(感觉的)cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates(脊椎动物)including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.

rt says."The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic(机械学的)similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that bring about even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and –what is sometimes even more important -will surely help us ask the right questions."

The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK, the country’s only medical research charity for deaf enne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research ," This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafness.

The charity will continue to support culling-edge(尖端的)research through its Fellowship programme at the institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of securing audical improvements in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of all forms of hearing impairment"

There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as "hair", cells can be images and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and, because the cells don’t regenerate, the result is progressive -and irreversible -hearing loss ge to these cells can also lead to tinnitus(耳鸣),which affects around five million people in the UK.

(单项选择题)Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used_____.

target how the ear works

study the fruit fly

stimulate sensory cells

amplify sound signals

【答案】B

【考点】

【解析】第二段The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.可知，大量经费用于研究果蝇的听力，且已经有可应用的成果，故选择B。

　　Ebola Outbreak

are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.

2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea ver ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.

ss you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero ke other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person ifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable .

signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus toms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.

a is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and death.

current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years e diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

(单项选择题)The Ebola virus transmits by contact with _______.

cted body fluids

nst the outbreak severity

mode of transmission

initial days of being infected

e countries in West Africa

in a wide range of days

【答案】A

【考点】

【解析】第三段中Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids.可知，体液的接触是主要传播途径，故选则A。