荟萃馆

位置:首页 > 英语 > 雅思

突出雅思大作文逻辑性的四句模板

雅思3.2W

第一句:主题句

突出雅思大作文逻辑性的四句模板

第二句:背景/解释

第三句:举例

第四句:对比

接下来,我们分别看一下这四句话具体是怎么写的。

 第一句:主题句

主题句(Topic Sentence)就像是一个主体段的眼睛,考官会根据这双眼睛来了解这一段大意,判断该段落甚至整篇文章有没有偏题甚至跑题。一个切题的主题句,要求在主题句中一定要包含题干关键词,并明确回答题目问号。比如:

Doctorssaid in many countries there are not enough physical exercise. What has causedthat problem? What should be done for that?

首先,该句子中的keywords(关键词)并不难找,即:“notenough physical exercise”。然后,题目问题是“causes”,所以此时就需要大家头脑风暴,考虑一下现在生活中人们锻炼不足的原因:

A. “花大量时间坐在电脑前看书、打游戏,替代了运动”;

B. “工作忙、学习忙、没时间锻炼”;

C. “公共场所健身设施缺乏,没有合适场所锻炼”;……

比如写A原因:“花大量时间坐在电脑前看书、打游戏”:

Technology has changed the ways we spend leisuretime, and we have engaged in a variety of online activities,rather than exercise regularly.

很明显,“rather than exercise regularly”是题干关键词,而“engaged in a variety of online activities”则是明确而直接地回答了“causes”。

 第二句:背景/解释

所谓“解释”,就是解释TopicSentence(主题句),毕竟主题句需要概括大意,因此是一句概括性比较强的句子。所以解释可以分为两种情况:

第一种:如果题目问“原因”,则需要在“解释”部分解释一下“原因”,即写出“原因”的背景。

第二种:如果题目问“影响”,或者“优缺点”,则需要在“解释”部分阐释一下“关键词”是如何实现该“影响”的。比如上述题目中A段落的主题句:“Technology has changed the ways we spend leisuretime, and we have engaged in a variety of online activities, rather than exerciseregularly”, 此时考生需要解释一下该语境中的“原因”——“engaged in a variety of online activities”。那么,可能是因为:“电脑和游戏比较容易上瘾”、“体力运动比较累,需要人们自律,人们坚持不了”。

第三句:举例

在“理证”之后,为了加强论证效果,此时“例证”就需要出场了。然而“举例”这种论证手段并不像考生想象中的那么困难,因为不一定要举一件事情或者一个报道,你完全可以选择另外两种:“名词解释”、“方式”。

所谓“名词解释”,就是将“被例证”的名词、或者名词性短语视作“上义词”,然后找出其“下义词”作为例子,比如:

上义词:electronic products(电子产品)

下义词:computers, mobile phones,and TVs

所谓“方式”,是指用例子解释思维过渡,比如:

例证:The employees would be providedwith higher salary, which makes them find enjoyment in daily lives.

例证:… with the high pay, workingpeople could choose to raise a family, buy a house, or travel abroad.

  第四句:对比

“对比”,即“反证”,通过说其对立面的不好来从反面论证论点的合理性。该论证手段同样可达到加强论证的奇效。比如题目:

Some people prefer the same job for the same company,but others like to change jobs frequently. Discuss the both sides and give your own opinion.

分论点:

Those people who prefer to work for the same company believe thatthey can live a happy life if they have a stable career.

(工作稳定——>生活幸福)

对比:

In contrast, those who change jobs frequentlymay not get a good salary because companies may have doubts over their loyalty.

(工作不稳定——>忠诚度受到怀疑——>收入低)

当然,并不是一定要按照这样的布局来完成主体段,但先摆出主题句,让考官对文章的支撑理由一目了然,紧接着解释主题句,理证与例证结合的方式无疑加强了分论点的说服力,最后用对比收尾,加强论证效果。

拓展阅读:雅思写作事半功倍开拓思路的妙招

面对茫茫作文题海,不少考生不知所措:全部话题都准备不切实际;不全面准备,心中又没底。充分准备了其中某个话题,比方说,妇女犯罪问题,并不意味着考生有把握写好另一个话题,例如垃圾问题,毕竟不同的话题要求考生具备不同的观点、词汇。怎么解决这棘手的问题呢?关键在于开阔思路,积累相关写作素材,善于从不同话题中找"共性"。

我们只要对已出现的'作文考题稍作分析,就可以发现,虽然雅思作文话题多达数百题,不少话题其实是类似,相近或者是相通的,例如,"远程教育的利弊"="电脑取代老师的利弊","谁该为我们的老人负责"="老人住老人院还是家里","动物园有没有必要"="该不该保护濒危动物","政府该不该资助艺术家"="政府该不该投资艺术项目如音乐厅、博物馆等"。笔者开玩笑说,在写作老师的眼中,动物园跟博物馆差不多,奥运会跟旅游业没啥不同,甚至养宠物跟出国留学也能扯上边!在写作过程中,我们很容易发现,支持建动物园的论据跟支持建博物馆的论据差不多,所需的词汇也相差无几;奥运会的好处跟发展旅游业的好处95%相同!下面简单列出动物园和旅游业的PROS,希望读者有所启发,发现其中奥妙。

Arguments for zoos:

1. Preserve the rare species/endangered animals/wildlife. The habitats of some animals are being destroyed and therefore they are in real danger of dying out. Provide better conditions and professional care and treatment。

2. Act as an ideal scientific research center. Conduct experiments。

3. Play an educational role. Enrich our knowledge and widen our horizon。

4. As a tourist attraction, zoos boost the local tourism and generate tourist dollars by attracting people for a visit。

5. As a place of entertainment and recreation。

Arguments for tourism:

1. Boost the local economy, increase the government revenue, earn foreign currency and improve the living standard of the locals. Relieve the pressure of unemployment。

2. Enhance mutual understanding, remove hostility and prejudice, promote good will and strengthen ties. Maintain world peace。

3. Showcase the brilliant culture and glorious history. Promote cross-cultural communication. Improve the image of a place. Increase reputation and upgrade the status in the international community。

4. Improve the living environment and better the basic facilities. Increase investment in infrastructure。

5. Improve the quality of the locals. Expose them to the outside world. Widen their vision and develop a broader mind。