2015年英语四级考试全套模拟试题

　　单项选择题

　　1、根据以下资料，回答题：

Drink from plastic bottles can raise the body's levels of a controversial "gender-bending" chemical by more than two thirds, according to tests.

Experts have been concerned about the possible health effects of bisphenolA (BPA.--an everyday chemical used in many plastic food and drink containers and tins as well as clear baby bottles--which is officially classified as toxic in some countries.A study found that participants who drank for a week from polycarbonate (聚碳酸酯) bottles showed a 69 percent increase in their urine (尿液) of BPA.

Researchers did not say how much liquid was drunk per archers from Harvard School ofPublic Health studied 77 students, who had first undergone a seven-day "washout" phase in which theydrank all cold beverages (饮料) from stainless steel bottles in order to minimise BPA exposure.

They were then given two polycarbonate bottles and asked to drink all cold beverages from themduring the next ious studies have suggested that high levels of BPA consumption are linked tobirth defects, growth problems and an increased risk of heart particular there are fears thatheating the bottles, as parents would do when warming their baby's milk, causes the chemical to leak inpotentially dangerous quantities into the liquid contained within.

"If you heat those bottles, as is the case with baby bottles, we would expect the levels to beconsiderably would be of concern since infants may be particularly susceptible to BPA'shormone gland-disrupting (扰乱腺体极速分泌) potential." said the senior author of the latest study, Karin els.

Most adults carry BPA in their bodies but expert opinion on the risks is European Food Safety Authority believes that people naturally convert the chemical into less harmful substances in the body.

Previous studies had found that BPA could leach (渗出 ) from polycarbonate bottles into theircontents, but this study is the first to show the size of the corresponding increase in urinary BPAconcentrations in humans.

Harvard researcher Jenny Carwile said, "While previous studies have demonstrated that BPA is linkedto adverse health effects, this study fills in a missing piece of the puzzle--whether or not polycarbonateplastic bottles are an important contributor to the amount of BPA in the body."

What do we know about bisphenol A ( the beginning of the passage?

is certain substance taken in by human beings every day.

is a component contained in a number of plastic products.

is an element that plays a decisive role in people's gender.

is a kind of chemical that is universally regarded poisonous.

2、

Questions are based on the following passage.

To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science--starting with Ernest Lawrence's invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器1931. A generation ago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of them white males.

But climb up to the third floor and you'll see a 40 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they're still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44 "I believe things are getting better," she says, "but they're not getting better as 45 as I would like.

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第36题应填____

　　3、略

4、Questions are based on the following passage.

The mobile phone is a magic device widely used these days. Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their ___36___ out to mobile-phone users in a big way. There are 2.2 billion cell-phone users worldwide, a ___37___ that is growing by about 25% each year. Yet spending on ads carried over cell-phone networks l’t year ___38___ to just $ 1.5 billion worldwide, a fraction of the $ 424 billion global ad market.

But as the number of eyeballs glued to ___39___ screens multiplies, so too does the mobile phone's value as a pocket billboard (广告的). Consumers are ___40___ using their phones for things other than voice calls, such as text messaging, downloading songs and games, and ___41___ the Internet. By 2010,70 million Asians are expected to be watching videos and TV programs on mobile phones. All of these activities give advertisem ___42___ options for reaching audiences. During soccer's World Cup last summer, for example, Adidas used real-time scores and games to ___43___ thousands of fans to a website set up for mobile-phone access. "Our target audience was males aged 17 to 25 ," says Marcus Spurrell, Adidas regional manager for Asia. "Their mobiles are always on, always in their pocket-you just can't ___44___. cell phones as an advertising tool. " Mobile-phone marketing has become as ___45___ a platform as TV, online or print.

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第36题为(　　)

　　5、根据以下资料，回答题：

Wbrld Must Adapt to Unknown Climate Future

e is still great uncertainty about the impacts of climate change，according to the latest report from the Intefgovernmental Panel on Climate Change，released if we are to survive and prosper, rather than trying to fend off specific threats like cyclones，we must build flexible and resilient(有弹性的)societies.

y’s report is the second of three instalments(分期连载)of the IPCC’s fifth assessment of climate first instalment，released last year,covered the physical science of climate stated with increased certainty that climate change is happenin9，and that it is the result of humanity’s greenhouse gas new report focuses on the impacts of climate change and how to adapt to third instalment，on how to cut greenhouse gas emissions，comes out in April.

latest report backs off from some of the predictions made in the previous IPCC report，in ng the final editing authors also retreated from many of the more confident projections from the final draft，leaked last IPCC now says it often cannot predict which specific impacts of climate change—such as droughts，storms or floods——will hit particular places.

ead，the IPCC focuses on how people call adapt in the face of uncertainty,arguing that we must become resilient against diverse changes in the climate.“The natural human tendency is to want things to be clear and simple.”says the report’s co-chair Chris Field of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Stanford，Califomia.“And one of the messages that doesn’t just come from the IPCC，it comes from history,is that the future doesn’t ever turn out the way you think it will be.”That means，Field adds，that‘'being prepared for a wide range of possible futures is iust always smart”.

New Scientist breaks down what is new in the report，and what it means for humanity’s efforts to cope with a changing climate.A companion article，“How climate change will affect where you live”，highlights some of the key impacts that different regions are has changed in the new IPCC report?

essence，the predictions are intentionally of the firlner language from the 2007 report about exactly what kind of weather to expect，and how changes witl affect people，has been replaced with more cautious scale and timing of many regional impacts，and even the form of some，now appear uncertain.

example，the 2007 report predicted that the intensity of cyclones over Asia would increase by 10to 20 per new report makes no such larly,the last report estimated that climate change would force up to a quarter of a billion Africans into water shortage by the end of this new report avoids using such firm numbers.

report has even watered down many of the more confident predictions that appeared in the lcaked rences to“hundreds of millions”of people being affected by rising sea levels have been removed from the summary,as have statements about the impact of warmer temperatures on crops.“I think it's gone back a bit，”says Jean Palutikof of Griffith University in Brisbane，Queensland，Australia，who worked on the 2007 report.“That may be a good the fourth [climate assessment]we tried to do things that weren’t really possible and the fifth has sort of rebalanced the whole thing.”

So do we know less than we did before?