2017年同等学力申硕英语阅读理解专项练习题与解析

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Nuclear power’s danger to health，safety，and even life itself can be summed up in one word：radiation.

Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it，partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard，or touched or tasted，even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example，radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them，sense them，without a radio receiver. Similarly，we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves，nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

At very high levels，radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cell in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important，the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit，and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged，and if they reproduce themselves，you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.

This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine，then die of cancer five，ten，or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.

Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

rding to the passage，the danger of nuclear power lies in .

A. nuclear mystery B. radiation detection

C. radiation level D. nuclear radiation

2. Radiation can cause serious consequences even at the lowest level .

A. when it kills few cells

B. if it damages few cells

C. though the damaged cells can repair themselves

D. unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves

word“significant”in paragraph 3 most probably means .

A. responsible B. meaningfulC. fatal D. harmful

ation can hurt us in the way that it can .

A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately

B. damage cells which may grow into cancer years later

C. affect the healthy growth of our offspring

D. All of the above

h of the following can be best inferred from the passage?

A. The importance of protection from radiation cannot be over-emphasized.

B. The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.

C. Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.

D. Radiation can hurt those who are not aware of its danger.

　　译文：

核能对健康、安全甚至生命本身构成的危害可以概括为一个词：辐射。

核辐射有着某种神秘的地方，部分原因是它无法被人类的感官所感知。即使它可能就在我们周围，人们也不能看到或听到、触摸到或者品尝到它。还有一些其他东西也像这样。比如：无线电波就在我们周围，如果没有接收器，我们也无法探测到它们。同样，如果没有辐射探测器，我们也无法感觉到辐射。但是，不像一般的无线电波，核辐射对人类和其他生物是有害的。

当核辐射强度非常高时，辐射可以通过杀死重要器官的大量细胞，导致动物或人立刻死亡。但是，即使是辐射强度最低的时候也能导致严重的伤害。没有哪一种强度的辐射是绝对安全的。如果辐射没有伤害到任何重要的器官，这种伤害可能就不严重。这种情况是只有少数细胞受到辐射并且被杀死了，你身体内的死亡细胞就会被健康的细胞代替。但是，如果少数的细胞仅仅是受到伤害，并且如果它们自己可以再生，你可能就陷入麻烦了。它们是以一种畸形的方式进行再生的。它们能够演变成癌。有时，这种症状很多年后才会显现出来。

下面是有关核辐射某种神秘性的另一个原因。在辐射造成损害时，受害者可能不知道自己已经受到严重伤害。一个人被辐射后可能感觉正常，然后在五年、十年或二十年后死于癌症。或者，由于其祖父母受到辐射，一名小孩可能生下来就体弱，或易患病。辐射会伤害我们。我们必须了解这个事实。

　　参考答案与解析

1.【正确答案】D

【考点类型】细节判断

【解析过程】根据文章表达，核能的危险在于 。

A. 核的神秘B. 放射检查

C. 放射的程度D. 核放射

线索：文章的第1段提到“Nuclear power’s danger to health，safety，and even life itself can be summed up in one word：radiation.”表明选项D是正确答案。

2.【正确答案】B

【考点类型】细节判断

【解析过程】辐射即使在最底的程度也会造成严重的后果， 。

A. 当它杀死很少的细胞时

B. 如果它危害很少的细胞

C. 尽管受危害的细胞能自己修复

D. 如果受危害的细胞能自我复制

线索：文章的第3段提到“But if the few cells are only damaged，and if they reproduce themselves，you may be in trouble.”表明选项D是正确答案。选项A和原文的内容相反，原文说“only a few cells are hit，and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones.”这样不会造成严重的后果。C和B选项的.内容和原文第3段的内容不符合。

3.【正确答案】C

【考点类型】词汇推断

【解析过程】这个单词“重要的”在文章第3段最有可能的含义是 。

A. 负有责任心的B. 有意义的

C. 致命的D. 有害的

线索：根据文章的第3段提到的内容，如果辐射没有攻击到任何重要的东西，那么危害也许就不是非常的严重。所以选项C是正确答案。

【考点提示】词汇题的解决办法是代入法：即当不能确定答案时把选项分别代入原文，看看哪一个通，那么就是哪个。

①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。

②注意结合上下文理解该单词的含义。

③如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。

4.【正确答案】D

【考点类型】细节判断

【解析过程】辐射能伤害我们通过的方式是 。

A. 杀死身体主要器官中的大量细胞而使人立即死亡

B. 损害的细胞几年后会变成癌症

C. 影响我们后代的健康成长

D. 以上各项

线索1：文章的第3段提到“At very high levels，radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cell in vital organs.”提到选项A;

线索2：文章的第3段提到“ reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer...”提到选项B;

线索3：文章的第4段提到“Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.”提到选项C。

根据线索1、2、3，我们可以判断正确答案应该是D。

5.【正确答案】A

【考点类型】主旨推断

【解析过程】我们可以从文章中推出下面哪句?

A. 保护人们远离辐射，这一重要性再如何强调也不过分

B. 辐射的神秘仍然没有被解决

C. 癌症主要是由辐射造成的

D. 辐射能伤害那些没有意识到其危险的人

从文章的整体我们可以看到辐射的问题非常严重，我们应该远离辐射。文章第1段、第5段都明确地提到了这一点。