中考定语从句讲解及举例
一. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to thevillage?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:
I don’t like peoplewho talk much but do little.
The cars which areproduced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作宾语:
She is the personthat I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that mygrandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:
What’s the name ofthe young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whosefather is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 作状语
I’ll never forgetthe day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the housewhere I was born.
三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
The person whobroke the window must pay for it.
The boy who iswearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:
Do you know theyoung man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr. Lee (whom) youwant to see has come.
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:
The girl whosemother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boywhose father is a professor.
4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
A dictionary is abook which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book(which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:
I’ve read thenewspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person thatis reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
I’ll never forget the time whenwe worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:
This is the house where we livedlast year.
The factory where his fatherworks is in the east of the city.
四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
That was the roomin which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
which we had lived in for ten years.
五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:
(1) 先行词是all, few, little,nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:
All that hesaid is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:
He is the onlyforeigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
He was the second(person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
This is the bestbook (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
He talked about thepeople and the things he remembered.
2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况:
(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:
The meeting was putoff, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:
The thing aboutwhich he is talking is of great importance.
举例1.
---Does the teacher know everybody _______ plantedthe trees?
---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。
2.
The letter _______ I received from him yesterdayis very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的.选择。因为先行词是物,而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,所以只有that合适。
3.
---Where is the scientist________ gave us the talkyesterday?
---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。
4.
I hate people _______talk much but dolittle.
e B. whom C. which D. who
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适。
-
大林和小林读后感(精选20篇)
当阅读完一本名著后,你有什么体会呢?现在就让我们写一篇走心的读后感吧。你想知道读后感怎么写吗?下面是小编收集整理的大林和小林读后感,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。大林和小林读后感篇1最近我读完了一本书,是《大林和小林》,这是一本富有哲理、幽默性的故事书。是著名...
-
初二开学第一课观后感范文600字(通用30篇)
当认真看完一部影视作品后,相信大家有很多值得分享的东西吧,为此需要好好认真地写观后感。那么我们该怎么去写观后感呢?以下是小编为大家整理的初二开学第一课观后感范文600字,欢迎阅读与收藏。初二开学第一课观后感600字篇1今年的《开学第一课》以“奋斗成就梦想...
-
八年级物理个人教学总结
总结是指社会团体、企业单位和个人对某一阶段的学习、工作或其完成情况加以回顾和分析,得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料,它能够使头脑更加清醒,目标更加明确,因此好好准备一份总结吧。你所见过的总结应该是什么样的?以下是小编整理的八年级物理个人教学总结...
-
社会实践活动自我鉴定(通用16篇)
自我鉴定是个人在一个阶段的自我总结,它可以给我们下一阶段的学习生活做指导,让我们好好写一份自我鉴定总结一下吧。如何把自我鉴定做到重点突出呢?下面是小编帮大家整理的社会实践活动自我鉴定,欢迎阅读与收藏。社会实践活动自我鉴定篇1综合实践活动课程作为一种...