英语写作中汉语干扰因素有哪些

篇一：英语写作中汉语干扰因素分析

内容摘要：本文列举了学生英语作文中常出现的典型错误，分析了由于汉语干扰因素的影 响而使学生不能正确表达词义的原因，并针对这些错误，提出了避免错误的对策，以便提高学生的英语写作水平及写作教学效果。

关键词：汉语干扰 错误 分析

随着社会的发展，越来越多的人意识到英语写作无论在学校的英语学习中还是在实际的社会工作中都十分重要。英语写作能力的高低能体现出学生英语综合素质。英语写作日趋重要。然而他却是英语教学中的薄弱环节。由于中英文化背景的差异所造成的思维方式的不同以及写作角度、方法、用词等的不同，使中国学生在写英语作文时出现了许多错误。

分析英语写作中汉语干扰对学生学习外语的影响，无论是从理论上看还是从教学实践上看，都将是大有益处的。汉语干扰致错原因有以下几个主要方面:

一、因认识角度和使用形象不同造成错误

在学习英语写作的过程中，学生由于对汉英语言、文化间的差异，不同文化背景所产生的不同思维方式不甚了解，经常用汉语思维，导致用词错误。例如：“红茶”被写成“red tea”，英语应为“black tea”。“黑眼珠”被写成“black eye ”, 应为“dark brown eye ”。 因为英语中“black eye ”意为“被打得发青的眼圈”。在用英语写作过程中，不少学生由于英语语言功底较差，还不能用英语思考，经常先在脑海里用汉语构思，然后将构思好的汉语腹稿译成英语。这种机械的对应思考方法，往往造成严重的用词错误。例如，在“Excessive smoking will injure your body.”中，“body”在英语中作“躯体”讲，而汉语“身体”有两重意思，一是指“躯体”，二是指“身体健康状况”。该句表达的意思显然是指“身体状况”，但由于受汉语影响，而误用了“body”，所以应将“body” 改为“health”。另外，由于英汉语言使用的形象不同，两个民族的思维习惯不同也造成了许多语言错误。例如，“熟睡”被写成“sleep like a dead pig/dog”英语为“sleep like a top/log”。“大海捞针”被写成“Look for a needle in the sea.”，应为“Look for a needle in a haystack.”。

二．因表达方式不同造成的错误

英、汉两个民族有时对某些事物和现象的认识角度、思路都是相同的，但是由于表达方式不同也造成了一些错误。

1、词形错误。汉语的名词词形一般不分单、复数，也无可数、不可数之别。因此出现主谓不一致、遗漏第三人称单数现在时形态的错误。汉语中，主谓间不存在数的关系，谓语没有第三人称单数问题。因此，谓语部分不需要因为主语而

　　篇二：英语作文汉语热

Chinese mania

Let’s talk about my ideas for Chinese mania

As a Chinese, I'm very pride for more and more foreigners to learn Chinese it reflects our economic development in a sense. Take America as an example, From kindergartens to a high schools, There is a rapid rise in interesting among American pupils to study the Chinese language. On the other hand, over two hundred Confucius institutes have been set up in 69 countries, from TV we can see many foreigner take part in learn Chinese

The number of foreign students who are attracted by the mysterious and charming language and come to china learning Chinese also increases steadily every year. So is Chinese mania good or bad.

Why is the Chinese language study becoming so popularThere are some reasons. First, Chinese has long history full of legends. Second, Chinese is spoken by the largest population in the world. Third, China has rise it’s international influence ,furthermore the rapid economic development dramatically. Third, as for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games has provided a good chance to show the Chinese culture and thus attracted more foreigners leaning

Chinese.

However, while Chinese is a fever among foreigners, many students tend to ignore the importance of their mother tongue, grammatical mistakes constantly occur in their essays, not to mention coarse wording and improper style, So, we should learn our mother tongue well first, and then take the responsibility to popularize it.

　　篇三：在中文语言环境下指导学生写好英语作文

高考英语试题中的书面表达不仅是考生们得分的一个重要部分，更是让他们头疼的一种题型，英语书面表达题占了25分，这让教师和学生们在头疼之余又不得不去面对，而纵览学生的答题卷和平时书面表达的作业时，你会发现除了拼写等一些基本错误之外，最常见的要数“中国式英语”（chiglish）的错误，也就是句子表达不符合英语语言习惯，该采取哪些措施来减少这种错误，指导学生写好英语作文呢？

英语和汉语分属两种不同语系的语言，两者之间的差异性大于相似性。大量的研究表明，学生英语写作中的汉语句法迁移现象非常普遍。因此，对这些现象进行归类、分析并探讨其产生的原因，具有重要的理论价值。

1汉语环境影响英语写作的几个方面

1.1词汇方面

如果把写英语作文比作建楼房的话，英语词汇在英语写作中起着砖、瓦的作用，是句子的最基本的组成部分，所以词汇是我们高中英语教学中的重点，单词听写是课堂教学必不可少的一个环节，但学生的词汇量毕竟有限，遇到问题时，便会用汉语词汇去补充英语词汇的空缺。

例如：交通十分繁忙。误：The traffic is busy. 正：The traffic is heavy.

她和一位教授结婚了。误：She married with a professor.

正：She married a professor.

英语词语的词义往往比较复杂，并和汉语有着一定区别。这种不同就会会导致学生仅把写作当作一词一句的翻译来做，结果是事倍功半。

1.2语法方面

英语中难点就是时态，语态的掌握。英语中常用时态共十六种，语态分为主动语态与被动语态，语气有陈述语气与虚拟语气之分。不同的时态有它特有的句法结构。如现在进行时态使用be＋v－ing形式来表示。现在完成时则用have／has ＋p．p来表示。一般将来时则用shall／will／be going to＋v来表示。英语中时间意义的表达是通过动词的时和体来加以反映，而汉语中不存在时、体等，汉语则依靠表示时间的副词（如“曾经”、“正在”、“已经”、“将要”）作状语，或利用虚词“了”、“着”、“过”等作补语这一语法手段来体现，动词本身无任何变化。在英语中，“already”和“ever”常常用在完成时态之中，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。学生常常把上述句子错译成“Yesterday I have been to the park．”“Five years ago，they have known each other．”又如在英语中，我们常常用否定前置来

　　篇四：Will Chinese Become a Global language 汉语会成为世界语言吗

With China's reforming and opening, China's economy has developed rapidly. More and more countries are willing to cooperate with China in economy, culture and even politics, especially after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. We can see that Chinese cultural factors are more and more popular all around the

world. Chinese language, one of the important marks of Chinese culture, which is also popular among foreigners. We are glad to see that more and more foreigners like learning and understanding Chinese.

Will Chinese become a global languageAs far as I'm concerned, Chinese won't be a global language. Firstly, the word-formation of Chinese is more complicated than that of English and Chinese characters are complicated , it's difficult for foreigners to read and write, let alone to 's really a barrier to the spreading of Chinese. Secondly, Chinses language stands for Chinese culture in a way and what we all know is that China is a country with more than 5000 years of history, its culture is broad and profound, bountiful. If a foreigner who wants to talk with Chinese in Chinese, a better knowledge of Chinese culture is needed, it's a time-consuming work as well. Last but not least, the history of English as a global language is long and the teaching system of English as a foreign language is complete compared with that of Chinese. Now, there are many programs of Chinese as a foreign language, such as Confucius Institutes, Chinese Bridge and so on. In China, now, Teaching Chinese As a Foreign Language is even a major. But in fact, they're just at a preliminary stage.

As we are Chinese, we are proud to see that more and more foreigners are fond of learning our mother tongue. However, as a matter of fact, there is a long way to go for Chinese being a global language and there is no doubt that we should still learn by heart even if we are Chinese.

　　篇五：汉语热英文作文23

The popularity of Chinese

In recent years, learning Chinese has become popular among people around the world, with the rapid development of economy in China. According to the official report in the last year, there are about 3000 high school in 109 countries offer a course on Chinese. Another data has proved students who learn Chinese not only from Southeast Asia but also from western countries.

There are many reasons why more and more people are crazy about learning Chinese. Firstly, as the improvement of the Chinese economy, learning Chinese will facilitate the economic trade contact and enhance the friendship with other countries. Secondly, many experts focus on ancient Chinese literature for Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. Learning Chinese has become a necessary tool for them. Thirdly, due to the plenty of natural landscapes and sceneries of humanities in China, a lot of foreign tourists start to travel in China, showing great interests in learning Chinese.

In addition, several Confucius Institutes have been established in many countries these years by Chinese government more and more foreign students have the access to understand Chinese language culture, which provides an important platform for culture exchange. With the changes of China’s internal standing and influence, we not only let the world know more of China, but also need to know more about the rest of world.

As we all known, learning Chinese is gaining more and more popularity among the people in the whole world. It can’t take away from people who are fully bent upon the dissemination of Chinese culture all over the world. With join efforts, I am sure china will have a better tomorrow.

　　篇六：英语作文

大学英语作文是衡量学生英语综合水平和应用能力的一个重要指标，也是大学四级考试的一个重要内容。在整个四级卷面（满分为100分）中占15分，考生在这一部分的得分直接决定其四级成绩。近年来国家教委又明确规定，四级考试中，如果学生作文得零分，那么即使前面得了满分（即85分），其总成绩仍将视为不及格。因此写好一篇文章对参加四级考试的学生来说可谓至关重要，不容轻视。

作文不理想的原因很多，总的看来主要有以下几个方面的问题：

第一、英语底子太薄。底子太薄主要表现为对语法知识掌握不牢及对基本词汇记忆不清。它包括定冠词和不定冠词的滥用，主谓不一致，单复数搞不清楚（例如：a people等），时态和语态混乱及词语的各种形式掌握不牢。有的学生文章写得很长，字迹也很工整，但是读完之后只觉得思路紊乱，支离破碎，没有一个完整的句子，所以也就只能得两三分以慰劳苦。 (整理收集:英语)

第二、词汇量太小，且对已学词汇记忆不清。除了底子太薄这个历史原因之外，学生词汇量太小也是一个不容忽视的原因。有的学生汉语功底很好，用汉语作文，他们就会思如泉涌，下笔千言，但是一到用英语作文就好像被缚住了手脚，不知如何下手。比如99年1月的作文，题目是＂Don't Hesitate to Say No＂, 大部分学生能够领会题意并能按给出的汉语提纲作文，但有的学生连Hesitate是什么意思都不知道，更不用说在此基础上再作发挥了。另外有的学生虽然对题目及要求非常清楚，但是因为自己所掌握的词汇所限，无法用一些合适的词来表达自己的思想，于是只有绕着题目翻来覆去乱说一气，再加上这次出的作文提纲就象一道绕口令： (收集:)，详细出处请参考：/zuowen/siji/

nize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.

下笔前整合思绪：脑力激荡，写出纲要等。

(英语收集整理)

e clearly. Be concise. Avoid wordiness.

写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。 ()，详细出处请参考/zuowen/siji/

四六级写作常见句型

（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型

①As the graph depicts , …

②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …

③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,

④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …

⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that … ：

（2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型

①Recently , …has become the focus of the society .

②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life .

③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …

④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …

⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life .

⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of … ⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …

⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …

⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face .

（3）用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型

①Some people like / prefer …, while others are / feel inclined to …

②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold …

③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it .

④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim …

⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion .

⑥On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel …

⑦Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …

⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that … ⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of …

⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about …

（4）用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型

①My own experience tells me that …

②In my opinion , we should attack more importance to …

③As for my own idea about … I believe …

④As far as I am concerned , I plan to …

⑤Personally , I prefer …

⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that …

⑦But for me , I would rather …

⑧My own point of view is that …

⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …

⑩As regards me , I tend to choose …

（5）用于书信写作的常用句型

①Thank you for your letter of …

②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept …

③Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived …

④I am writing to you with reference to …

⑤I am writing to you in connection with …

⑥I would be grateful if you could / would …

⑦I would like to know some information on …

⑧It will be appreciated if you can / could …

⑨I would also like to know if you can / could …

⑩I look forward to hearing from you .

（6）用于结尾的常用句型

①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that …

②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …

③It is high time that something was done about …

④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that …

⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …

⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …

⑦It is clear , therefore , that …

⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …

⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …

⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that … ⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …

⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …

⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …

⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …

⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …

四六级写作基本句式

以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1－2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。

1．表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this．

2）The reasons for this are as follows．

3）The reason for this is obvious．

4）The reason for this is not far to seek．

5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life

注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

　　篇七：英语写作中汉语干扰分析

[摘 要]本文结合教学实践，阐述了实施新课程标准后，如何在英语写作中不受汉语的干扰，使学生的英语写作水平提高。

[关键词]新课程标准 学习情境 教学细节 有效性

学生写英语作文时常出现典型错误，由于汉语干扰因素的影

响而使学生不能正确表达词义，并针对这些错误，提出避免错误的对策，以便提高学生的英语写作水平及写作教学效果。

英语写作无论在学校的`英语学习中还是在实际的社会工作

中都十分重要。英语写作能力的高低能体现出学生英语综合素质。英语写作日趋重要。然而他却是英语教学中的薄弱环节。由于中英文化背景的差异所造成的思维方式的不同以及写作角度、方法、用词等的不同，使中国学生在写英语作文时出现了许多错误。

例如，汉语认为“一阵大雨”，英语写成“a he

avy rain”，

不能写成“a big rain ”。“昨天晚上”英语只能说“last night”。 不能说“yesterday night”。由于汉语干扰，学生照汉语思维直译，导致了表达错误和不地道、不准确的英语表达。比如，学生把“你的来信收到了”写成“Your letter has received.”，这是从汉语直译出来的，因为英语中物作主语时，应该用被动语态，

应写成“Your letter has been received.”。

从以上例子可以看出，汉语干扰乃是导致表达错误的一个主

要原因。分析英语写作中汉语干扰对学生学习外语的影响，无论

是从理论上看还是从教学实践上看，都将是大有益处的。汉语干

扰致错原因有以下几个主要方面:

(一) 因认识角度和使用形象不同造成错误

在学习英语写作的过程中，学生由于对汉英语言、文化间的差

异，不同文化背景所产生的不同思维方式不甚了解，经常用汉语

思维，导致用词错误。例如：“红茶”被写成“red tea”，英语

应为“black tea”。“黑眼珠”被写成“black eye ”, 应为“dark

brown eye ”。 因为英语中“black eye ”意为“被打得发青的

眼圈”。在用英语写作过程中，不少学生由于英语语言功底较差，

还不能用英语思考，经常先在脑海里用汉语构思，然后将构思好

的汉语腹稿译成英语。这种机械的对应思考方法，往往造成严重

的用词错误。例如，在“Excessive smoking will injure your

body.”中，“body”在英语中作“躯体”讲，而汉语“身体”有

两重意思，一是指“躯体”，二是指“身体健康状况”。该句表达

的意思显然是指“身体状况”，但由于受汉语影响，而误用了

“body”，所以应将“body” 改为“health”。

(二) 因表达方式不同造成的错误

英、汉两个民族有时对某些事物和现象的认识角度、思路都是

相同的，但是由于表达方式不同也造成了一些错误。

1．词形错误

汉语的名词词形一般不分单、复数，也无可数、不可数之别。因此出现主谓不一致、遗漏第三人称单数现在时形态的错误。汉语中，主谓间不存在数的关系，谓语没有第三人称单数问题。因此，谓语部分不需要因为主语而做数的调整。由于汉语习惯的影响，学生会写出这样的句子：

（1）The streets are full of garbages.

（2）He speak fast.

在例句（1）中，garbage被当作可数名词，其实它是不可数名词。在例句（2）中,speak应为第三人称单数speaks。

2．词性错误

有时学生只注意所选词的词义，而忽视了该词的词性，常造成句子不合乎语法规范的用词错误。例如：

（1）My father adviced me not to go out alone at night.

（2）My roommate doesn’t afraid of dogs.

例句（1）把名词误用为动词，例句（2）把形容词误用为动词。这是由于有些学生基础不牢，对某些常用词不认真考证，随手写来，又检查不出错，导致误用词性却浑然不觉。

3． 虚词错误

英语虚词包括冠词、介词和连词。有时，由于受汉语的影响，学生在使用虚词时常用错。例如，

（1）Although I like my college, but I miss my home.

(2) He arrived Tokyo yesterday.

(3) I bought the dictionary in 1980s.

在例句（1）中，由于受汉语“虽然。。。但是”结构影响而出错。英语中althoughbut 只能用一个。例句（2）中是不及物动词，其后一定要用前置词in 或at,所以在arrive 后加in。例句（3）的错误是，英语中“。。。年代”前应用定冠词，所以原句应改为 “in the 1980s”。

4． 误解词义导致错误

英语写作要求作者有较深的语言功底，即词汇基础和语法基础等。选用自己没有完全掌握词义或用法的单词组词造句，是造成用词错误的原因之一。另外，英、汉两种语言中，均有一词多义和一义多词的现象。对同义词、近义词的细微差别分辨不清是导致这类错误发生的原因。例如：

（1）The young man always puts on a white jacket.

（2）Both salt and sugar are easy to melt in hot water. 在例句（1）中put on 虽有“穿”的意思，但该动词词组仅表示穿的动作，不表示穿的状态，该句子表达的意思是“穿着”，而不是“穿上”，应改为wears a white jacket。在例句（2）中，melt常指物体经过加热后熔化或者指易溶物质受热溶化，不指溶质在溶剂中溶解，melt应改为dissolve。

5．不注意语境导致的错误

语境在很大程度上制约着用词。语境不同，用词也不同，因此写

作时要选用适合上下文的词语来遣词造句。如不注意语境对选词的影响，就可能因用词不当而写出前后矛盾、不合逻辑的句子。选词与语言环境不适宜，就会用词不当。例如：

（1）The ice cream melted away in the plate.

（2）Would you mind opening the gateThe air in the room is too close.

例句（1）中，melt away的含义是“融化并消失”，而盘中的冰淇淋只是融化了，并没有消失，应把melt away改为melt。例句（2）中gate指“院落的大门”，一般不用于指房门。从上下文看，说话者指得是房门，所以应改为door。

6．指代不明

英文写作中代词同它所指代的先行词之间关系要明确无误，否则句子的连贯性就会受到破坏，句子的含义就会模糊不清，甚至引起误解。在“She told my sister she was wrong ”句中，第二个she可以指主语，也可以指 my sister ，指代不明确。可改为“ You are wrong ,”she said to my sister.或“ I’m wrong, ”she said to my sister.

以上列举了学生常出现的错误，分析了学生受汉语干扰致错的原因，其目的是为了更好地纠正错误。任何人都会不可避免地出现错误，只要我们不断发现和纠正错误，就能减少和排除干扰，克服教学中的盲目性。英语基础不扎实是写作出错的关键，所以提高写作水平必须丛基础抓起，必须加强基础语法与句型的训