what用法定语从句

　　what用法定语从句

　　一：关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代对象及在从句中所作的成分使用要点

what:

即指人又指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）只用于限制性定语从句中，介词后面不能跟that。 当代替物时，可以与which通用。

Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her．

昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。

I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。

which;

指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）

在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中，可用在介词之后。

My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old

我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里

who,whom：

指人；作主语或宾语（whom常可省略） 先行词必须为人。Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词，须用whom

A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV． “A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。

The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army．

我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。

whose 既指人又指物；作定语 是代词的所有格， 代物时，相当于of which。

The room whose window faces south is mine． 那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。

注意：whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替。如：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired．

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired．

that;

即指人又指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）

只用于限制性定语从句中，介词后面不能跟that。 当代替物时，可以与which通用。

Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her．

昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。

I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。

which

指物；作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）

在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中，可用在介词之后。

My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old

我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的`房子里

who,whom

指人；作主语或宾语（whom常可省略） 先行词必须为人。Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词，须用whom

A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV． “A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。

The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army．

我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。

whose 既指人又指物；作定语 是代词的所有格， 代物时，相当于of which。

The room whose window faces south is mine． 那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。

注意：whose指物时，常用of which结构来代替。如：

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired．

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired．

　　二、用法归纳

1. 表示“的东西或事情”：

They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。 2. 表示“的人或的样子”：

He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。 He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。

Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？ 3. 表示“的数量或数目”：

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“的时间”：

After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。

The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 5. 表示“的地方”：

This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。

In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 二、用法提示

注意what不能引导定语从句。

正：You can have what you like.（宾语从句） / You can have everything (that) you like.（定语从句）

误：You can have everything what you like.