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关系副词when定语从句

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关系副词when的用法

关系副词when定语从句

when 既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词,在从句中充当时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。如:

Can you tell me the time when the film will start?—Can you tell me the time at which the film will start? 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗?(限制性定语从句)

I will never forget the day, when I joined the Party. —I will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party. 我入党的那一天,我永远不会忘记。(非限制性定语从句)

其他关系副词的用法

1、关系副词where的用法

where既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词,在从句中充当地点状语,相当于:“介词+which”。如:

This is the school where I studied a few years ago. —This is the school in which I studied a few years ago. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校。(from )

Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun. —Let’s go to the concert, in which you will find much fun. 我们去音乐演唱会吧,在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。

2、关系副词why的用法

why只能引导限制性定语从句,先行词只有reason一词,在从句中充当原因状语,相当于:“for + which”。如:

Do you know the reason why he is not here now?—Do you know the reason for which he is not here now? 你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗?

3、关系副词that的用法

that只能引导限制性定语从句,充当关系副词时,其作用相当于:“介词+关系代词”,在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语等。如:

1. 在定语从句中作时间状语。现行词有:each time, every time, anytime, the first time, the moment, the minute, the hour, etc. 但现代英语中,that往往省略。如:

Each time (that) I meet him, he will smile and say “hello”. 每次我会见他时,他都会笑着说“喂,你好!”

2. 在定语从句中作方式状语, 现行词是way, 如:

Can you show me the way (that) you solve the problem like this? 请告诉我你解决这类问题的方法好吗?

3. 在定语从句中作原因状语,现行词只有reason一词,如:

I don’t know the reason (that) he has left school now. 我不知道他辍学的原因。

4. 在定语从句中做其他状语,现行词如price, speed等,如:

I think the price (that) she sells her apple is too high. (that = at which) 我认为她卖苹果的价格太高。

 附:关系副词引导定语从句时的口诀

从句饱和副词连,

why、where还有when。

换成介词加which,

从句意思不改变。

从句若缺主宾表,

仍需关系代词连。

 在学习之前,大家再复习一下句子的“饱和”:当一个句子有了主语、谓语,不及物动词不用宾语,及物动词有了宾语,我们说这个句子饱和了。饱和是保证英语句子正确的重要原则。

 下面逐句加以说明:

“从句饱和副词连,why、where还有when”,就是定语从句如果饱和了,即从句不缺少主语、宾语或者表语了,就要用关系副词来连接,也就是引导定语从句。而最常用的引导定语从句的关系副词,就是表示原因的why、表示地点的where、表示时间的when。如:

(1)The factory where we worked last year was built in 2000.

(2)The reason why he came late is not full.

(3)I still remember the days when we spent our childhood together.

在句(1)中,定语从句we worked last year中的worked是不及物动词,因此这个从句是饱和的,根据饱和的句子只能用状语来修饰的原则,where是关系副词,可以在从句中用作状语,修饰从句的.谓语动词worked。

在句(2)中,he came late也是饱和的句子,不需要主宾表了。用why引导,来说明他迟到的原因,同时在从句中作状语。

在句(3)中,we spent our childhood together是定语从句,主谓宾都有了,因此,也只能用when来引导这个从句,说明我们度过童年时候的时间。

“换成介词加which,从句意思不改变”,就是在用关系副词引导定语从句时,也可以把这个关系副词换成相应的介词,再加上which。即“介词+which”,如上面提到的三个句子,就可以改成:

(1)The factory in which we worked last year was built in 2000.

(2)The reason for which he came late is not full.

(3)I still remember the days in which we spent our childhood together.

“从句若缺主宾表,仍需关系代词连”,这句的意思是说,如果从句缺了主语、宾语或者表语了,即定语从句处于不饱和的状态,仍要有用关系代词来引导。千万不能因为先行词是地点名词就用where、先行词是时间名词就用when。如:

(1)The hotel that/which was built last year is popular.

(2)We think the reason that/which he gave us is right.

(3)I still remember the days that/which we spent together when we were children.

(4)The city isn’t the one that it used to be ten years ago.

在句(1)中,定语从句was built last year缺少主语,所以用that/which引导,同时作从句的主语。

在句(2)中,定语从句he gave us也缺少一个宾语,所以用that/which引导,同时作从句中gave的另一个宾语。

在句(3)中,定语从句中spent是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,因此用that/which来引导。

在句(4)中,定语从句it used to be缺少表语,因此用that来引导。

标签:从句 副词 定语