2015年职称英语考试试题

　　概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的`位置上.

Keeping Cut Flowers

1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.

2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨)retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.

3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination(授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), called respiration(呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.

4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.

5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach(含氯漂白剂)can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4% solution)be added to each liter of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.

23 Paragraph 2__________.

24 Paragraph 3__________.

25 Paragraph 4__________.

26 Paragraph 5__________.

A Control of Respiration

B Beauty of Fresh Cut Flowers

C Role of Respiration

D Most Important Aspect of Flower Care

E Need for Clean Water

F Ways of Stopping Respiration

27 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers__________.

28 Respiration plays a key role__________

29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down__________.

30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers is__________.

A by keeping its original shape and color

B in the life of cut flowers

C to produce carbon dioxide

D for as long as possible

E by controlling temperature

F to replace the water and solution every day

　　完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Cost as a Factor in Supply

In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products___________　(51) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or___________(52) the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the___________(53) of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for___________(54) he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can　___________(55) to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly　___________(56) of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.

Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. 　___________(57) mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, ___________(58) logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists___________(59) to this principle as the law of increasing costs.