高考英语阅读理解高分技巧大纲

英文阅读是目前国内英语各种类考试中，分值最高，难度较大的一种考试题型，下面是高考英语阅读理解高分技巧，供大家参考与学习！

一、常见题型分析

(一)主旨大意题

主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。更多精彩尽在《试题调研》第9辑《考前抢分必备》

常见的命题方式：

What is the main idea of this passage?

What dose this passage mainly concern?

The main theme of this passage is_____________

The main point of the passage is___________

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______

The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____

Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：

1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。 2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。

【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。

Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。

……

Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。

Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)

This passage is mainly about ________。

A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips

C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips

【解析】本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。

【典例2】 Domestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today。

Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication。

……

The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. (2008·北京卷)

The passage is mainly about _______。

A. why humans domesticated horses

B. how humans and horses needed each other

C. why horses came in different shapes and sizes

D. how human societies and horses influenced each other

【解析】本文以时间为顺序，记叙了人类对马的驯化以及马对人类的生活所产生的重要影响。本题考查主旨大意。前四段说明，人类驯养了野马，使得马的种类繁多，这是人类社会对马的影响;最后一段说明，马作为交通工具加速了人类文化传播的进程。故文章的主题应是D所说的内容。此主题句出现在文章的最后一段。如果文章没有明确的主题句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各个段落中，考生可采取提纲挈领的方法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来，概括出全文的中心思想。

选择标题属主旨大意题，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一。那么怎么样选择文章的标题?选择文章标题属深层次理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者写作意图，在此基础上，所选出的标题还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。

1。概括性原则 要求标题应在最大限度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨。标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。前面我们提到，通过寻找主题句，往往很容易确定短文的标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显，需要我们通过体会字里行间蕴含的意思从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度概括归纳出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。

2。针对性原则 针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则、针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即标题不能太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。

3。醒目性原则 标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题的好坏往往会影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。

(二)推理判断题

推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%-30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。

常见的命题方式：

From paragraph one we can infer that_________

What can be inferred from the passage?

We can infer from the text that…?

What can we learn from…?

We can conclude from the passage that_______

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______

The author implies that_______

This passage would most likely be found in______

The author’s attitude toward…is_________?

推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础;(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全;(3)要忠实于原文，不能主观臆想，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

【典例1】 Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼)。

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。

Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure。

If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。

…

It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。

In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。

She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)

44. The passage is most probably taken from _____。

A. a short-story collection

B. a popular science magazine

C. a research paper

D. a personal diary

45. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。

B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled。

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。

D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。

如：Mary is due to leave at two o’clock。

【解析】本文为科普类文章，介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。

44. B 推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，A、D可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除C “a research paper”(科研论文)

45. A 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气”。故A 项正确。细节推断题要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。

(三)词义推测题

该题型主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对猜词悟义能力的`考查，试题中有一到两个小题是直接考查词义猜测的。从考查内容看主要有猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。

常见的命题方式：

Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word…?

The word…could best be replaced by…?

In the…paragraph, the word…means(refers to)…

According to the passage,…probably means…

The authors uses the word…to mean…

The word…is most likely to mean…。

【典例1】 Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。

“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste。”

Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits。

… (2008·广东卷)

41. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means _________。

A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation

【解析】本文讲述“代沟”的发展、变化。以40岁左右为分界线，之前和之后与子女间的关系在改变，虽然代沟越来越窄，但仍没有消失，家庭研究专家提醒新的平等关系也会导致子女对父母的不尊重。41. D 由上文中提到的 “…he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。”以及“There was just a complete gap in taste。”可知gulf应表示两代人之间关系的“代沟”。separation指“分开，分离”。猜测词义时更多用到的方法是：结合上下文的意义、线索、内在逻辑关系。一般情况下，上下文所提示的意义与所考词汇通常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系，可直接确定词义。根据上下文意义很难作出判断的，就考虑用句法和内在逻辑方法去判断，符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确答案，反之则排除。

(四)细节理解题

细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中占有相当大的比例。从2007·全国各地的试题来看，细节理解题占全部阅读理解题的50%还多。细节理解题一般是根据短文提供的信息和事实提问的。细节题可分为两种类型：一种是答案几乎可以直接出短文中获得，正确答案和原文中含相关信息的句子也几乎相同;另一种细节题要复杂一些，有时在原文中找不到同正确选项相近的词，正确答案可能是原文某一事实的结果、原因、前提等。细节理解题的特点是：要选择的答案一定要在短文中找到相关的词、短语、句子或段落。选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而绝不是根据自己的主观假设或推测或是自己的观点来决定。在阅读过程中对一些涉及到who, what, when, where, how, why等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确的查找。

常见的命题方式：

According to the author, who/what/when/ where/which/why/how…?

Which of the following statements is true/not true?

The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/example/fact that_____

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?

The author states all of the following EXCEPT_________

当问题中含有not,except,but等表示否定、排除等意义的词时，需要进行逆向思维。因此，一定要保持思维清晰、认真审题，不要武断。

【典例1】 Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn--- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn。

According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree。

… (2008·江西卷)

56. Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn?

A. It was not historically recorded

B. Its horn was first used in France

C. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx

D. It could be the symbol of a university

57. To catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following EXCEPT ____。

A. tempting the unicorn to attack

B. making use of the tree as a protection

C. hiding quickly behind the unicorn

D. having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree

【解析】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了传说中的独角兽，如何捕捉，以及独角兽角的用途等。56. D 细节理解题。A项错误是因为与第一段第二句不吻合;B项错误是因为与第三段中的事实不符，文中只提到了the French court用了unicornhorn，时间是the French Revolution in 1789，并未说这是第一次使用;C项错在与第一段不符，文中只提到了Aristotle的理论阐述，并没有说人们对the Indian Ass和the Oryx熟悉;D项与第一段倒数第二句内容吻合。对细节考查通常涉及一些长难句，对此，不要惊慌，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主、谓、宾，理解其主要意义，再加附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断从句，再分析各自的意义，最后联合整句意义。对于细节理解题要认真，周全考虑方能选取正确答案。这种题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表现形式。干扰项常是以下几种情况：选项本身正确，但不符合题干要求;选项本身错误或原文根本没有提到;选项中含有原文信息，但其中个别词描述的不准确，这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要十分注意。

57. C 细节理解题。A项正确是因为与第二段中提到的the hunter的诱捕行为吻合，即stand in front of a tree来引诱unicorn的攻击，其目的就是catch a unicorn;B项正确是因为 the hunter 引诱unicorn来攻击而后move quickly behind it(the tree)，其目的就是利用the tree作为掩护，而不是躲到unicorn的后面，所以C项错误;D项正确是因为与第二段最后一句吻合。问题中有时含有NOT，EXCEPT，BUT等表示否定、排除等意义的词语，需要进行逆向思维。因此，一定要保持思维清晰，认真审题，不宜匆忙武断。

二、解题方法

1. 先看题干，带着问题读文章。

即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。

2. 速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。

3。详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。

文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。

4. 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文;要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测;它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。