托福阅读真题及答案:PASSAGE 2
选择出国学习的人数越来越多,参加托福雅思考试无疑是进入国外大学的`一块敲门砖。以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于托福阅读真题及答案:PASSAGE 2,供大家练习备考。
The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.
Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.
The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean — we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.
A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.
1. The word "modifying" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) changing
(B) traveling
(C) describing
(D) destroying
2. The word "which" in line 5 refers to
(A) clouds
(B) oceans
(C) continents
(D) compounds
3. According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water
(A) precipitating onto the ground
(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state
(C) evaporating from the oceans
(D) being carried by wind
4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network" (line 8) is to
(A) determine the size of molecules of water
(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding
(C) move water from the Earth's surface to the oceans
(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers
5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?
(A) The potential energy contained in water
(B) The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds
(C) The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents
(D) The relative size of the water storage areas
6. The word "rapidity" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) significance
(B) method
(C) swiftness
(D) reliability
7. The word "they" in line 24 refers to
(A) insoluble ions
(B) soluble ions
(C) soils
(D) continents
8. All of the following are example of soluble ions EXCEPT
(A) magnesium
(B) iron
(C) potassium
(D) calcium
9. The word "efficiency" in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) relationship
(B) growth
(C) influence
(D) effectiveness
正确答案:AACCD CABD
-
2017年最新托福阅读考试备考材料
Anidleyouth,aneedyage.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017年最新托福阅读考试备考材料,希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!Borscht,whichissometimesalsospelledborschandborshch,isalovelyvegetablesoupthatisalmostalwaysmadewit...
-
托福报考九大注意事项
托福报考需要注意哪些注意事项呢?以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于托福报考九大注意事项,供同学们参考。1、NEEAIDNEEAID是在托福报名网站,用来确认你身份的帐号,由于在托福放出考位的当天网络非常拥挤,即使是注册ID这样简单的步骤,也很有可能占用考生大量的时间,因此建...
-
2017托福听力场景词汇积累
托福考试成绩可用在国内的联合国驻华机构和外企及合资企业在聘录用职员时,或国际基金组织测试职员的英语水平。为了帮助大家备考托福,小编分享了一些托福听力词汇,希望能对大家有所帮助!【微生物】aminoacid氨基酸antibody抗体bacterium细菌bioticalagency生命因...
-
2023年托福考试大纲词汇(精选260个)
词语是词和短语的合称,包括词(含单词、合成词)和词组(又称短语),组成语句文章的最小组词结构形式单元。下面是小编为大家整理的托福考试大纲词汇,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。1、Amphitheater:n.露天剧场;阶梯教室2、Amok:a.狂怒地,狂暴地3、Animadversion:n.批评,责备...