2016英语四级：基础语法精讲

想要学好英语四级怎么能不知道这些时态呢?下面就让小编为大家详解一下吧。

动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

　　时态

1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

I’d been working for some time when he called.

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

　语态

可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

He was said to be jealous of her success.

It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

　双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

宾补结构的被动语态:

She was called Big Sister by everybody.

Then he was made a squad leader.

He was considered quite qualified for the job.

The room was always kept clean and tidy.

　短语动词

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late.

Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

Vi + prep (有被动语态)

　　延伸阅读：

句子成分(members of the sentence)

英语的句子由主语部分与谓语部分组成。具体地讲，主要有下列六种句子成分：

1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的`主体。如I study English(我学习英语)中的I。

2)谓语动词(predicate verb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如I study English中的study。

3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如I am a student(我是一个学生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我们的教室很干净)中的clean。

4)宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的对象的，如I study English中的English。介词后面的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如They don't work on Sunday(他们星期天不工作)中的Sunday，就是介词on的宾语。

5)定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。

6)状语(adverbial)它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的，如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。

[注]虚词在句子中一律不能作为句子成分。