2017下半年大学英语四级阅读理解训练题

英语四级阅读在考试中占有分数的比例很大，拿下阅读基本上英语四级考试就成功了一半。以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于英语四级阅读理解训练题，供大家备考。

　Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

　　Section A

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a se mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel

47 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re48 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the49 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more50 ways of doing it.

The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be

51 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.

Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political52 .

But strong opinions have not brought53 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become54 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

The55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s what we eat—and how we56 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.

A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constant F. definedG. vanishH. adaptedI. creativeJ. belief K. suspiciousL. certaintyM. obsessedN. identifyO. ideals

　　Section B

Directions:There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.

The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of society’s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.

In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere—if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.

57. What does this passage mainly discuss?

A) The scarcity of manufactured goods.

B) The value of scarce materials.

C) The manufacturing of scarce goods.

D) The cost of producing shoes.

58. According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?

A) The amount of time and money spent in producing it.

B) The opportunities a person has to buy it.

C) The value of what could have been produced instead.

D) The value of the resources used in its production.

59. According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resources?

A) Available resources stimulate production.

B) Resources are totally independent of production.

C) Production increases as resources increase.

D) Production lessens the amount of available resources.

60. What determines the price of a good in a market economy?

A) The cost of all elements in production.B) The cost of not making other goods.

C) The efficiency of the manufacturing process.D) The quantity of materials supplied.

61. Which of the following examples BEST reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage?

A) A family buying a dog.

B) Eating in a restaurant instead of at home.

C) Using land for a house instead of a park.

D) Staying at home instead of going to school.

　Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well?beings of a social group?s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.

Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻碍) attainment of the group?s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

62. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A) The problems faced by leaders.

B) How leadership differs in small and large groups.

C) How social groups determine who will lead them.

D) The role of leaders in social groups.

63. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT .

A) recruitment

B) formal election process

C) specific leadership training

D) traditional cultural patterns

64. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A) person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.

B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.

C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.

D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.

65. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that .

A) few people qualify as “natural leaders”

B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist

C) “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group

D) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics

66. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on .

A) ensuring harmonious relationships

B) sharing responsibility with group members

C) identifying new leaders

D) achieving a goal

47. Dfeel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对…感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。

48. Mbe obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被…附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。

49. A本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer。

50. I 本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。

51. F本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。

53. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。

54. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对…感到怀疑”。

55. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，“(have)belief in sth.” 相信…。

56. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项share,“share sth with sb, 与某人分享某事”。

Section B

57. B主旨题。本文三段内容均围绕短缺原料的价值进行说明。文章第一段说明了什么叫原料相对短缺，第二段说明了什么叫机会成本，第三段说明了原料的价格是由什么决定的。

58. C细节归纳题。第二段中“Every act of production uses up some of society?s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else.”说明机会成本是用可生产的其他商品来衡量的，选项C正好符合该意思。

59. D细节归纳题。第一段“Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.”说明社会总资源是有限的，用掉其中一些就会使总量减少并限制其他商品的生产。

60. A细节归纳题。文章第三段“In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depends on the cost of making it”(市场经济条件下，商品的价格和产量取决于其成本),然后又说 “The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them.”以鞋子为例说明商品价格是由生产要求决定的。

61. C推断题。文主要阐述了经济学里面的一个重要概念——“机会成本”，是讲商品生产和社会资源之间的关系。A、B、D均未涉及到生产领域，只有C符合本文的主旨。

62. D主旨题。本篇主要讨论不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D为正确答案。A、B、C选项都不能正确概括本文主旨。

63. C细节理解题。A选项的招募(recruitment)和B选项选举程序(election process)都在第一段中作为大群体的领导者产生的方式被明确提到。D选项也在第一段中作为家庭领导者的产生的方式被明确提到。只有C选项没有作为产生领导者的一种方式在本文中被提及。

64. A推论题。A选项意思是:某一特定群体的'有效领导者，不一定就可以成为另一群体的有效领导者。这正好与第二段的意思相吻合，即领导者没有一个固定的特点，只是符合了一个特定群体需要的人就有可能成为该群体的领导者(It seems…virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group)。B选项和C选项的意思与本文无关。D选项意为:许多人想成为领导者，但却很少能拿出证据来证明他们具有这样的资格。显然是对文章意思的曲解。

65. B细节理解题。第二段中“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of ‘natural leaders’”意思是说数十年来的研究并不能找出可靠证据来证明那些人可以成为“天生领导者”，与B项意思一致。

66. D细节理解题。第三、四段主要讲了两种类型的领导者的区别。其中instrumental leader侧重于群体目标的实现，而expressive leader相对于前者并不侧重于群体目标的实现，而是注重为群体成员提供情感支持，并尽力减少内部纷争。(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.)

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