英语六级听力辅导材料精选

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　　task 1

　　Overfishing Whales and the Environment

　　过度捕鲸与环境

Until recently, when scientists studied changes in open-ocean ecosystems, they looked at changes in the bottom of the food chain that gradually make their way to the top, like food shortages and shifts in the ocean environment. A recent study, however, suggests that more attention needs to be given to top-down influences as well.

直到最近，当科学家们在研究远洋地区生态系统的变化时，他们观察了处于食物链最底层并且在慢慢上升的(生物)变化，比如说食物短缺、海洋环境的变化。然而，最近的一项调查显示，人们还应该更多的注意(食物链)自上而下的影响。

For example, over the past few decades, there's been a major collapse of the populations ofharbor seals, fur seals, sea lions, and sea otters living on the coasts of western Alaska. Now a new study suggests that all this destruction can be traced back to humans overfishing sperm and baleen whales between 1946 and 1979.

比方说，在过去的几十年里，生活在阿拉斯加西海岸的斑海豹、海狗、海狮和海獭数量极具下降。现在，一项新的调查显示，所有的这些毁坏都可以归咎于人类在1946年到1979年期间过度捕捞抹香鲸和须鲸。

Killer whales, who live at the top of the ocean food chain, used to prey on sperm and baleen whales. When these were no longer available, the killer whales were forced to fish farther down the food chain. First they fed on seals, which were the easiest to catch and the most nutritionallyvaluable.

虎鲸是在海洋食物链的最高层，它习惯于捕食抹香鲸和须鲸。当虎鲸不能再捕食它们的时候，它就被迫捕食处于更下一层的食物链(的生物)。她们先捕食的是最容易捕捉且最有营养价值的海豹。

Then, when seals became rare, the killer whales turned to sea lions. When the sea lionpopulation crashed, they started fishing sea otters. The domino effect reaches even farther. Without sea otters keeping sea urchins in check, their population has exploded. And they've destroyed the kelp forests, and with it, the kelp forest ecosystem in southwestern Alaska.

接着，当海豹变得稀少后，虎鲸便转向了海狮。而又当海狮的数量变少后，虎鲸又开始猎杀海獭了。多米诺效应又继续延伸。没了海獭约束海胆，海胆的数量变得庞大起来。并且破坏阿拉斯加啊西南部的海藻林生态系统。

Animals switching food sources can have a very serious effect on the environment. And that we humans, as the ultimate predators, need to give a lot of thought to the choices we make. They may affect the food web in unintended ways.

动物间交换食物来源对环境有着很严重的影响。而作为终极捕食者，人类需要好好思考一下他们所做的选择。(因为)这些选择可能会以人们所不知道的方式来影响食物网。

　　task 2

　　Do hand sanitizers work any better than soapand water?

　　洗手液比肥皂水好用吗?

Yaël: We re-enjoy our hero, the handsome Donne, in the kitchen where he's preparing baked Alaska for his lovely bride.

再看看我们的男主角Donne，不仅拥有帅气的外表，还会在厨房里亲手为女朋友做火焰冰淇淋。

Don: Yes, yes. The way to a woman's heart is through her stomach.

嗯，嗯，抓住女人心最好的办法就是抓住她的胃!

Y: But wat's this? Donne's handling the food without first washing his hands. Isn't he worried about passing on cold germs and other nasty bacteria to the lovely Delina?

但是这又是什么意思啊?Donne做东西的时候都没有先洗洗手。难道他不担心将感冒病毒或是其它有害的细菌传给他那可爱的Delina?

D: Oh, cut the melodrama. I'm not poison in anyone. You see, ordinary soup and water dry my hands, so I switch to a hand sanitizer. A hand sanitizer contains alcohol, which kills the germs and then evaporates on contact. And it also contains soothing emollients to counter the alcohol's drying effect.

好了，就别再说你那些戏剧之类的东西了，我又不迷恋谁谁谁。你知道的，用普通的肥皂或是水来洗手的话手会变得很干，所以我改用洗手液了。洗手液中含有酒精，能够杀死细菌且易挥发。另外，洗手液中还含有舒缓润肤剂可以一定程度上抵掉酒精的'干燥作用。

Y: Not the fact, Don. Sure, hand sanitizers kill the germs on your hands–including the residentbacteria that live there, and the transient illness-causing bacteria you pick up off doorknobs. But unless you rinse them off in water, the dirt on your hands isn't affected. It's like sanitizing dishes without first rinsing them off.

事实并不是这样的，Don。诚然，洗手液能杀死手上的细菌，包括长期寄生菌，以及在门把手等东西上沾上的“临时”致病细菌。但是你若不将那些细菌洗入水中，你手上的细菌对你根本就毫无影响。这就像是你给碟子消毒却又不先将碟子冲洗干净一样。

D: Surely you jest.

开玩笑吧你!

Y: What's more, as the alcohol evaporates, it strips your hands of their protective oils and pulls up resident bacteria that live in the deeper layers of your skin, so you may end up with more germs on the surface of your hands than you started with.

还有呢，在酒精挥发的时候会顺便将你手上的一层保护油和皮肤深层的寄生菌也带走，如此一来你手的皮肤表层的细菌可能比用洗手液之前还要多。

D: Oh, no. So what's the neading man to do?

那要怎么办啊，总要洗手啊!

Y: Rinserinse and rinse more. While hand sanitizers offer a quick fix, they work best inconjunction with soap and water.

那就洗刷刷，洗刷刷，洗呗。虽然使用洗手液只是权宜之计，但总比用肥皂水洗要好些的。