2023年公共英语四级专项试题及答案

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阅读理解

part A

Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea.

The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.

But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.

However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.

But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.

Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.

1. Hawaiis native minority refers to _________________.

A. Hawaiis ethnic groups

B. people of Filipino origin

C. the Ka Lahui group

D. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood

2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?

A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.

B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.

C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.

D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.

3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?

A. He is Hawaiis first native governor.

B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.

C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.

D. He is leading the local independence movement.

4. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?

A. American Indian natives.

B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.

C. The Ka Lahui group.

D. The Hawaiian natives.

5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ____________.

A. a greater autonomy within the state

B. more back rent on the crown land

C. a claim on the Hawaiian crown land

D. full independence from the US

参考答案：CDABD

part B

Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ，an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive nds that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate." ? Americans have responded to Lebows call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the worlds two largest economics-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.? Overconsumption by the worlds fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.? Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.? Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow, that misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.? Of course, the opposite of overconsumption, poverty, is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash, and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.? If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough level of consumption can the earth support ?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?

1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .

A) led to the reform of the retailing system

B) resulted in the worship of consumerism

C )ve rise to the dominance of the new egoism

D) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers

2. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is

A) the peoples desire for a rise in their living standards

B) the concept that ones success is measured by how much they consume

C) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption

D) the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals

3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?

A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.

B) Because overconsumption wont last long due to unrestricted population growth.

C) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.

D) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.

4. According to the passage, consumerist culture .

A) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries

B) will not aggravate environmental problems

C) cannot thrive on a fragile economy

D) cannot satisfy human spiritual needs

5. It can be inferred from the passage that .

A) human spiritual needs should match material affluence

B) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue

C) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem

D) there is never an end to satisfying peoples material needs

参考答案：BBDDC

英语四级阅读选词填空练习题及答案

With the worlds population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers. businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure (基础设施) and jobs. Underling all this __1__ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.

Finding the resources to meet this demand in a __2__. sustainable way is the cornerstone (基石) of our nations energy security, and will be one of the major __3__ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are __4__ being funded and developed, and will play a growing __5__ in the worlds energy supply. But experts say that even when __6__, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the worlds energy needs by 2050.

For example, even with __7__ investments, such as the $93 million for wind energy development __8__ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels __9__ only about 1% of the market today.

Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of __10__ both traditional and alternative.

[A] stable

[B] solutions

[C] significant

[D] role

[E] progress

[F] marvelous

[G] included

[H]growth

[I] exactly

[J] consist

[K] comprise

[L] competitions

[M] combined

[N] challenges

[O] certainly

答案解析：

1、growth 2、stable 3、challenges 4、certainly 5、role 6、 combined 7、significant 8、included 9、comprise 10、 solutions

大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案

A department store’s inputs include the land upon which the building is located, the labor of the employees, (47) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a farmer’s (48) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are converted into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the conversion process (49) ______ from industry to industry, but it is an (50) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (51) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (52) ______utility due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.

However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption (fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (53) ______ problems inherent in the conversion process. Inherent variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors

all affect output quality (54)______. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, (55) _____ variation becomes a major management task.

The function of the feedback is to provide (56) ______ linkages.

Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don t know the results of their directions.

A) offer

B) capital

C) medium

D)difficult

E) varies

F) differently

G) proposal

H) transformation I) beautifully

J) economic

K) reducing

L) internal

M) inputs

N) afford

O) information

答案与解析：

47-51:B) capital; M) inputs; E) varies; J) economic; H) transformation

52-56:A) offer ; L) internal ; F)differently ; k) reducing; O) information;

大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移…注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support―financial aid,material resources, and needed services―that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

1. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.

A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-being

B) they awaken people’s desire to exchange resources

C) they help people to cope with life in the information era

D) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc

2. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.

A) relies on the social welfare systems which support them

B) has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

C) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D) is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives

3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions” (Line 1, Para. 2)?

A) Adds up to. B) Does away with. C) Lessens the effect of.D) Lays the foundation for.

4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ________.

A) instrumental support

B) informational support

C) social companionship

D) the strengthening of self-respect

5. Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.

A) it helps strengthen our ties with relatives

B) it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes

C) it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable

D) it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles

答案解析：

1-5 A B C A D