特殊定语从句有哪些

下面是小编整理的特殊定语从句，欢迎阅读。

除了限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句以外,还有一些结构比较特殊的定语从句。这些定语从句的基本结构与一般定语从句的结构是一样的,但加入了某些新的成分,表现形式更灵活一些,结构也更复杂一些。因此考试命题时,常会将其作为加大试题难度的一种手段。为了更全面地掌握这种语法现象,也为了在考试中能应对自如,我们有必要熟悉并掌握这些特殊的定语从句。

　　一、分裂式定语从句

由于先行词有别的修饰语,或者话语间插入了其它成分,或者为了强调等某种特殊的需要,定语从句和它修饰的先行词被分裂开了,这种现象叫做分裂式定语从句。常见的形式有:

1. 被作定语的介词短语分开。这是因为介词短语相对较短的缘故(在英语里,相对较短的同类句子成分应该放在前面)。例如:

We were honored to meet the chief of an African tribe there, who warmly received and feasted us.

我们荣幸地见到了那儿的一个非洲部落酋长,他热情地接见并款待了我们。

The day of last year when we got to know each other led to our marriage later.

去年我们初相识的那个日子导致了我们后来的结合。

2. 被谓语分开。当主句的谓语部分较短,而定语从句又相对较长时,为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,而将定语从句放到谓语后面。例如:

The professor is sleeping who has just come back from abroad after a long journey.

刚刚长途跋涉从海外归来的教授正在睡觉。

The days are gone when we Chinese were looked down on as Eastern Sick Man.

我们中国人被看作东亚病夫的日子一去不复返了。

　　二、强调式定语从句

强调式定语从句指的是It is / was ... that / who ... 结构。在这种结构中,先行词以被强调的形式出现,定语从句通常只能用关系词that 或who引导, 指人时,二者皆可使用;指事、物时通常用that引导,但是当被强调者在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语时,也可以用which引导(注意,作状语时不能用which引导)。例如:

It was Chinese who / that made the four great inventions which have brought such great progress to mankind.

是中国人创造了四大发明,为人类带来了如此巨大的进步。

It is happiness instead of money that / which everyone seeks.

人们所追求的是幸福,而不是金钱。

It was at the bottom of the valley that those children happened to discover the smuggled cultural relics.

那些孩子是在谷底偶然发现那些私卖文物的。

It was not until then that I knew we had been deceived.

直到那时我才知道我们被欺骗了。

注意: 被强调的是主语时,要用人称代词的主格形式。例如:

It was I, not he, that / who am to blame for this.

该对此事负责的应该是我,而不是他。

　　三、混杂式定语从句

有时定语从句的关系词与从句中的句子成分之间会插入“人称代词 + think / believe / guess等”表猜测等态度的句子。这种定语从句被称为混杂式定语从句。在学习英语和做英语试题时,我们可以把它当作一个插入成分看待,这样处理比较容易理解。例如:

That evening some Chongqing people saw something that they thought was a UFO flying across the sky.

那天傍晚,一些重庆人看到了他们认为是不明飞行物的东西从天空中飞过。

Many college students have mastered computer, driving and foreign languages, which we all know are the most important things in today’s society.

很多大学生都掌握了计算机、驾驶和外语,我们都知道这些在当今社会是非常重要的。

　　四、多重定语从句

两个或两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一个先行词时,这样的定语从句叫做多重定语从句。例如:

He said he would never forget the moment when he first met Gorky and which he regarded as the happiest in all his life.

他说他永远忘不了第一次与高尔基相见的那一刻,那一刻被他视作人生中最幸福的一刻。

注意: 多重定语从句的特点之一是:即使在从句中作宾语或表语,第二个以及之后的所有关系词都不能省略,以免引起句意的模糊不清。例如:

China is an attractive country which has the largest population, where there are lots of mysterious stories and legends and that many westerners are still not familiar with.

中国是一个充满魅力的国家,她拥有世界上最多的`人口,有许多神秘的故事和传说,但也是很多西方人还不熟悉的国度。

　　五、省略式定语从句

在含将来意义的定语从句中,我们可以省略主语和谓语的一部分(主要是情态动词和助动词),而代之以“介词+关系代词+不定式”的形式,这叫做省略式定语从句,或者叫做定语从句的省略形式。例如:

I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom to improve French.(完整句式是: I intend to make friends with some Frenchman from whom I can improve my French.)

我打算交个法国朋友,从他那儿我可以提高法语水平。

She dreams of earning a big sum from the stock market with which to buy her family a big flat. (完整句式是:She dreams of earning a big sum from the stock market with which she can buy her family a big flat.)

她很想从股市赚一大笔资金给她的家人买一套大公寓。

注意: 此时主句的主语必须与不定式的逻辑主语一致,否则不能改成省略式定语从句。例如:

Stock is a capital with which factories or companies can develop themselves.

股票是工厂或者公司用来谋求自身发展的一种本钱。

这里不能改成省略式定语从句,因为主句和从句的主语不同。