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初中英语语法对短文改错题解法汇总参考

校园1.19W

一、从词法入手

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1. 冠词考查分两个方面:一是冠词的缺省或多余,考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别。如:in front of与in the front of, in hospital与in the hospital的区别。二是冠词the, a, an (定冠词和不定冠词)之间的相互误用。

2. 名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词,这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响,英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数形式。

3. 代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合不定代词、指示代词,要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用,关系代词which, that之间的误用,关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用,关系代词which与关系副词when, where以及what与how的误用等。

4. 动词是短文改错的重点和难点,因为它涉及到动词的时态和语态误用,非谓语动词的误用(主要是现在分词与过去分词之间的误用,动词不定式符号to的添加,动词原形变成动名词或现在分词的形式等),动词的动作、结果与状态之间的误用(例如:listen与hear;look与see;watch与notice等),以及动词的误用。

5. 对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及它们之间的相互误用和它们的比较等级的误用。另外,考生应该注意形容词与名词或代词的位置关系,副词与动词的位置关系,以及形容词与副词的位置关系。

6. 连词主要有两类,即并列连词和从属连词,考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用),从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。

7. 介词主要涉及到相关介词的误用,例如:John went to school through a bridge three times a day. (through改为across)

二、从句法入手

A. 一致性问题

1. 主谓一致。如:

What are your favourite sports?

are改为is。这是对疑问句主谓一致的考查。

Playing football not only makes us grow up tall...

Play改为Playing。动词原形加-ing构成动名词形式,与谓语动词makes一致。

2. 时态一致。如:

It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me home.

drove改为drive。连词and连接的是两个并列的动作meet和drive。

They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing.

have改为had。上文记述的.是过去发生的事情,故下文也应用过去时。

Hello, I learn about you from my English teacher.

learn改为learned。"从老师那儿知道",是过去发生的行为,故用过去时。

My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team.

was改为am。整篇文章描述现在的情况,用的是一般现在时。

3. 名词的单复数一致及名词与冠词搭配。如:

He sat down and asked me lots of question.

question改为questions。question为可数名词,用在lots of后面,应加-s。

We study quite a few subject, such as maths...

subject改为subjects。a few后面应跟可数名词的复数形式。

She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.

schoolmate应改为schoolmates。此处"同学"为复数概念,应加上-s。

As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with different kinds of plants and animals.

在famous mountain前加a。

4. 代词的"性"、"数"一致 。如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

his改为their。主语The Smiths用以指代一家人或夫妇俩,后面的代词应该用their。

5. 语意一致。如:

She was smiling but nodding at me.

but改为and。微笑和点头在语意上是并列的关系。

B. 词义的重叠。如:

Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to...

这一题是考查英汉不同的表达习惯。汉语的"第一次访问",英语说my first visit即可,time是多余的。

First, let me tell you something more about myself.

作者在这里是第一次向对方介绍自己的情况,不存在更多,故应删去more一词。

Whenever I see them, I often think of my English teacher.

此题易受汉语的影响,造成语意上的重叠。"每当我看见它们,我总会想起我的英语教师。"但英语中whenever之后一般不用often。

C. 逻辑关系及习惯用法。如:

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.

where 改为which。考查定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的用法。此处where应改为which, 因为它在定语从句中作主语。

I'd like to your pen friend.

在I'd like to 后加be或become。

It was very kind for you to meet me at the railway station.

将本句中for改为of。

Mary was reading the newspaper. The newspaper say, 1.________

"Write a story about what your Mom is the best Mom. 2. ________

A ten best stories will win a nice present for Mom. 3. ________

Sending your stories to us." 4. ________

Mary wrote to her Mom,"My Mom loves us. She listens to 5. ________

our problems. She helps us feel better when we are 6. ________

sad. Even though she works, she spends times with 7. ________

Tom, Mike and I each night. She reads to us and 8. ________

help us with our homework. She is teaching us to be 9. ________

kindly and to work hard." Do you think Mom won? 10. ________

1. 该行从时态角度去考虑。首先,newspaper是第三人数单数,谓语动词say不应该是原形;其次,这篇短文以陈述一件事为主,这句应该用一般过去时态,故应将原形动词say改为过去式said。

2. 该行从词语搭配角度去考虑,应将what改为why。这句话的意思是"为什么你妈妈是最好的妈妈",故what放在这儿是解释不通的。

3. 该行从冠词用法去考虑。"十篇最好的故事"应该是特指,故应把"A"改为定冠词"The"。

4. 该行从句子结构角度去考虑。祈使句用动词原形。Sending改为Send。

5. 该行从上下文角度去考虑。write to somebody是写给某人,而这句的意思是写有关妈妈的事情。to改为about。

6. ?菁 7. 改行从词义角度去考虑。time作"时间"解时,是不可数名词,这句的意思就是妈妈每晚都和孩子们共度时光。应去掉-s。

8. 该行属人称代词错用。with是介词,应该用人称代词宾格来充当介词宾语。I改为me。

9. 该行属主谓搭配不当。and并列连接了两个并列谓语:reads to us 和helps us with our homework。help改为helps。

10. 该行属形容词和副词混用。kindly是副词,应改为kind, 作be 的表语。

初中英语语法大全:动词的种类

动词的种类

动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词。

1.行为动词

行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。

如:

More and more people study English.(vt)

The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

2.连系动词

连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

如:

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

It feels damp.

3.助动词

助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定,疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

如:

How do you usually come to school?

The children are playing yo-yo now.

4.情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

如:

Can I help you?

- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的"能";be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而"能"。

b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为"必须",只用于一般现在时和一般将来时;have/has to表示客观需要,意为"不得不",它可用于各种时态。

c.need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。

初中英语语法大全:动词不定式的形式

动词不定式的形式

1.作主语。 如:

To learn English is very important.

但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语,而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。

如上句可表达为:

It's very important to learn English.

2.作表语。 如:

My idea is to ring him up at once.

3.作宾语。 如:

I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

4.作宾语补足语。

a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。

如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语,可带to也可不带to。

如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

5.作定语。

a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词千万不要省略。

如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。

如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。

如: I have no time to play cards.

6.作状语,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。

如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

7.不定式复合结构"for sb. to do sth" 作主语时,常用"It is +adj+ for

of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,

right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."

其他形容词用 for。

如:

It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

It's very kind of you to help me.

8.动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。

如: I don't know when to start.

He didn't tell me where to go.

但上面结构相当于一个从句,故上述句子也可表达为:

I don't know when we'll start.

He didn't tell me where he would go.

注意:

a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式,只能接动词的-ing形式。

如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

如: The peasants are busy picking apples.

Would you mind my opening the door?

b.有些动词后可接不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式,但意思不同。

如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)

Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)

They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)

初中英语语法大全:短语动词的四种类型

同学们认真学习,下面是老师对短语动词的四种类型知识总结。

短语动词的四种类型

动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语,叫短语动词。主要有四类:

一、动词+副词

有的一般不跟宾语,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟宾语,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

注意:宾语是名词时,放在副词前面或后面都可以,但若作宾语的是人称代词时,就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如:

We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。

We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)

二、动词+介词

如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如:

I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。

三、动词+副词+介词

如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:

She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。

四、动词+名词+介词

如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如:

Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候,你要照顾好你弟弟。

初中英语语法大全:及物动词与不及物动词

及物动词与不及物动词

根据其后是否带宾语,动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如:

When will he arrive? 他什么时候到?(arrive 不带宾语,为不及物动词)

He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语,为及物动词)

有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词:

The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。(及物用法)

He is writing. 他在写字。(不及物用法)

He is writing a letter. 他在写信。(及物用法)

The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 (不及物用法)

The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。(及物用法)

初中英语语法大全:实义动词与非实义动词

实义动词与非实义动词

根据其含义和句子功用,动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如:

He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)

He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词,read为实意动词)

He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)