GRE作文备考的相关资料
法律类
1公正的公理
Most of the maxims of justice current in the world, and commonly appealed to in its transactions, are simply instrumental to carrying into effect the principles of justice which we have now spoken of. That a person is only responsible for what he has done voluntarily, or could voluntarily have avoided; that it is unjust to condemn any person unheard; that the punishment ought to be proportioned to the offence, and the like, are maxims intended to prevent the just principle of evil for evil from being perverted to the infliction of evil without that justification. The greater part of these common maxims have come into use from the practice of courts of justice, which have been naturally led to a more complete recognition and elaboration than was likely to suggest itself to others, of the rules necessary to enable them to fulfill their double function, of inflicting punishment when due, and of awarding to each person his right.
2公正是道德的要求
It appears from what has been said, that justice is a name for certain moral requirements, which, regarded collectively, stand higher in the scale of social utility, and are therefore of more paramount obligation, than any others, though particular cases may occur in which some other social duty is so important, as to overrule any one of the general maxims of justice. Thus, to save a life, it may not only be allowable, but a duty, to steal, or take by force, the necessary food or medicine, or to kidnap, and compel to officiate, the only qualified medical practitioner. In such cases, as we do not call anything justice which is not a virtue, we usually say, not that justice must give way to some other moral principle, but that what is just in ordinary cases is, by reason of that other principle, not just in the particular case. By this useful accommodation of language, the character of indefeasibility attributed to justice is kept up, and we are saved from the necessity of maintaining that there can be laudable injustice.
3 公正是首要司法道德
That first of judicial virtues, impartiality, is an obligation of justice, partly for the reason last mentioned; as being a necessary condition of the fulfillment of the other obligations of justice. But this is not the only source of the exalted rank, among human obligations, of those maxims of equality and impartiality, which, both in popular estimation and in that of the most enlightened, are included among the precepts of justice. In one point of view, they may be considered as corollaries from the principles already lay down. If it is a duty to do to each according to his deserts, returning good for good as well as repressing evil by evil, it necessarily follows that we should treat all equally well (when no higher duty forbids) who have deserved equally well of us, and that society should treat all equally well who have deserved equally well of it, that is, who have deserved equally well absolutely. This is the highest abstract standard of social and distributive justice; towards which all institutions, and the efforts of all virtuous citizens, should be made in the utmost possible degree to converge. But this great moral duty rests upon a still deeper foundation, being a direct emanation from the first principle of morals, and not a mere logical corollary from secondary or derivative doctrines. It is involved in the very meaning of utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle. That principle is a mere form of words without rational signification, unless one person?s happiness, supposed equal in degree (with the proper allowance made for kind), is counted for exactly as much as another?s. Those conditions being supplied, Bentham?s dictum, “everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one”, might be written under the principle of utility as an explanatory commentary.
-
绘画社团活动方案(精选10篇)
为了确保活动有序有效开展,常常需要提前进行细致的活动方案准备工作,活动方案具有内容条理清楚,步骤清晰的特点。那么优秀的活动方案是什么样的呢?以下是小编整理的绘画社团活动方案,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。绘画社团活动方案篇1活动目标:1、通过对学生进行美术专...
-
教师职业体验社会实践报告(通用8篇)
难忘的社会实践结束了,你收获了什么?此时此刻我们需要做一个实践报告。你想知道实践报告怎么写吗?下面是小编整理的教师职业体验社会实践报告,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。教师职业体验社会实践报告篇1作为一名大学生,最终是要走出校园,走入社会的。参加社会实践活动...
-
大学的社会实践报告范文(精选13篇)
难忘的社会实践结束了,这段时间里有进步,也有不足,该好好总结一下过去这段时间的社会实践了!怎样写实践报告才更能吸引眼球呢?以下是小编为大家整理的大学的社会实践报告范文(精选13篇),仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。大学的社会实践报告篇1暑期的一个多月我很庆幸的成为...
-
有关月考反思13篇
在发展不断提速的社会中,我们的工作之一就是课堂教学,反思是思考过去的事情,从中总结经验教训。那么优秀的反思是什么样的呢?以下是小编帮大家整理的有关月考反思,欢迎阅读与收藏。有关月考反思1月考作为学期中的阶段性检测,可以客观地测评出学生每月的学习效果,又为...