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小升初英语语法大集锦:情态动词如何表达猜测

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情态动词用于肯定猜测

小升初英语语法大集锦:情态动词如何表达猜测

1. must用于肯定句,表示较有把握的推测,意为“准是,一定”。后面接动词原形,表示对现在的推测。如:

-I've had no sleep for 48 hours. 我已经48小时没睡觉了。

-You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。

2. should用于肯定句中,语气次之,意为“很可能,应该”,指按常理推测。如:

They left yesterday. They should be home by now. 他们昨天就离开了,现在该到家了。

3. can用在肯定句中,表示理论上的可能性。如:

Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟有可能引起癌症。

4. may用在肯定句中,表示对现在把握不大的推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:

Don't play with the knife. You may cut yourself. 不要玩小刀,你可能会伤了自己。

5. could, might也可表示推测意义,常用在过去时态中;但在某些场合下,为了使语气更缓和、更委婉,常用could, might代替can, may。如:

They saw something in the sky last night. It could/might be a UFO. 昨天晚上他们看见天空中有个东西。它有可能是不明飞行物。

You may/might/could be very tired. 你可能很累吧!

情态动词用于否定猜测

1. 表示否定的推测时,can't/couldn't语气最强,指“不可能”,带有惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。如:

The story sounds reasonable, but it can't be true. 这个故事听起来合情合理,但不可能是真的。

2. 语气不很肯定时,常用may not或might not表否定推测,意为“可能不,也许不”。如:

He may not/might not be at home. 他可能不在家。

情态动词用于疑问句表猜测

疑问句中的推测,常用can或could,意为“可能”。如:

Who can it be? Can it be Jenny? 那会是谁呢?是珍妮吗?

The money has disappeared! Who could have taken it? 钱不见了!会是谁拿去的呢?

Oh, how could you be so stupid? 哦,你怎么会这么愚蠢呢?

序数词的表达法

first 1st 第一

second 2nd 第二

third 3rd 第三

fourth 4th 第四

fifth 5th 第五

sixth 6th 第六

seventh 7th 第七

eighth 8th 第八

ninth 9th 第九

tenth 10th 第十

eleventh 11th 第十一

twelfth 12th 第十二

thirteenth 13th 第十三

twentieth 20th 第二十

thirtieth 30th 第三十

fortieth 40th 第四十

fifty-first 51st 第五十一

sixty-second 62nd 第六十二

seventy-third 73rd 第七十三

eighty-forth 84th 第八十四

ninety-fifth 95th 第九十五

1. 英语序数词1-19中,第一,第二,第三是特殊形式,其余都是在基数词的后面加上"-th"。

2. 有几个序数词加"-th"时的拼法不规则,它们是:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。

3. 十位数整数的序数词的构成方法是:将整数基数词的`词尾"-ty"中的"y"改写成"i",然后加"-eth"。

4. 基数词"几十几"改成序数词的时候,只要把个位数改成序数词,十位数不变。如 twenty-one 变成 twenty-first。

5. 序数词的缩写形式,在阿拉伯数字的后面加上序数词的最后两个字母。如:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, …41st, 52nd, 63rd, 74th。

6. hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为 hundredth, thousandth, millionth。如:five hundredth (500th) 第500,ten thousandth (10000th) 第10000。

带to的情态动词

带to的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意:

Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?

She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.

You ought not to have told her all about it.

Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。

典型例题

Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

told telling D. having told

答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have。

情态动词的回答方式

问句 肯定回答 否定回答

Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't

Must you…? /don't have to.

典型例题

1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you____.

A. might B. will C. can D. should

答案d表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。

2)---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必,不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。

3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't

答案B. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,选B。

情态动词+ have +过去分词

1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth

本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)

ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

情态动词的语法特征

1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。