定语从句先行词是those

在定语从句中those为先行词时，关系词有指人指物的that，指物的which，指人的who。

That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定语从句的先行词,this和these不可做先行词,those做定语从句先行词时,当其指物关系词用that/which等,当其指人时,关系词用who等,具体示例如下：

He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的'人.(指人)

He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的东西.(指物)

(错)He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人)

(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those可指人)

　　如何选择定语从句的引导词

一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处;

三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。

　　现将四句口诀分述如下：

“一看指人还是物”：指人时用who，whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中，作宾语的whom，which或that可省略。

　　【高考链接】

The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.

A. they B. where C. what D. that

答案：D。

解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处及后面部分为定语从句，先行词small houses为物，故用that引导定语从句，that在定语从句中作主语。

“二看介词在何处”：介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方，引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时，若指人，介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物，则只能用which而不能用that。

　　【经典例析】

试比较以下两句：

1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?

2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?

第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首，其后的whom不可以替换成who或that，也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语，可替换为who或that，也可省略。

“三看句中作何用”：如何选用定语从句中的引导词，关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语，则在who，that或which之中选择;若作定语，则用whose;若作状语，则在when，where，why之中挑选。

　　【高考链接】

The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.

A. that B. which

C. whose D. what

答案：C。

解析：whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。

“四看是否属特殊”：定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况，如who与that均可指人，which和that均可指物，但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别，不能换用。

　　【经典例析】

1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which I have been looking forward to for many years.

当先行词被序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that而不用which。

2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.

为避免重复，先行词为指人的that或those时，引导词用who而不用that。

3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.

such ... as，the same ... as属于固定搭配。

　　最后，我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。

关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。

that可作主、宾用，指人指物它都行;

which 通常指物用，主语、宾语它也能;

who和whom指人用，分作主、宾要弄清;

whose一词它真行，修饰人、物都管用;

时间状语应用when，地点状语where行，

要问原因为什么，关系副词why最清;

as一词属特殊，常与such，the same连用，

修饰全句或部分，常常用作主或宾。