高中英语复习资料

同位语从句与定语从句的区别

一、意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来。如：

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)

二、引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

三、引导词的功能上的不同

that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。

四、被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定。如：

I have no idea when they will come . 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I'll never forget the days when I lived there.. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )

The reason why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)

英语课外阅读：The Little Prince_课外阅读

除了课堂上的学习外，平时的积累与练习也是学生提高成绩的重要途径，本文为大家提供了英语课外阅读：The Little Prince，祝大家阅读愉快。

Oh, little prince! Bit by bit I came to understand the secrets of your only entertainment in the quiet pleasure of looking at the sunset. I learned that new detail on the morning of the fourth day, when you said to me:

"I am very fond of sunsets. Come, let us go look at a sunset now."

"But we must wait," I said.

"Wait? For what?"

"For the sunset. We must wait until it is time."

At first you seemed to be very much surprised. And then you laughed to yourself. You said to me:

"I am always thinking that I am at home!"

Just so. Everybody knows that when it is noon in the United States the sun is setting over France.

If you could fly to France in one minute, you could go straight into the sunset, right from noon. Unfortunately, France is too far away for that. But on your tiny planet, my little price, all you need do is move your chair a few steps. You can see the day end and the twilight falling whenever you like…

"One day," you said to me, "I saw the sunset forty-four times!"

And a little later you added:

"You know -- one loves the sunset, when one is so sad…"

"Were you so sad, then?" I asked, "on the day of the forty-four sunset?"

But the little prince made no reply.

On the fifth day -- again, as always, it was thanks to the sheep -- the secret of the little prince's life was revealed to me. Abruptly, without anything to lead up to it, and as if the question had been born of long and silent meditation on his problem, he demanded:

"A sheep -- if it eats little bushes, does it eat flowers, too?"

"A sheep," I answered, "eats anything it finds in its reach."

"Even flowers that have thorns?"

"Yes, even flowers that have thorns."

"Then the thorns -- what use are they?"

I did not know. At that moment I was very busy trying to unscrew a bolt that had got stuck in my engine. I was very much worried, for it was becoming clear to me that the breakdown of my plane was extremely serious. And I had so little drinking-water left that I had to fear for the worst.

"The thorns -- what use are they?"

The little prince never let go of a question, once he had asked it. As for me, I was upset over that bolt. And I answered with the first thing that came into my head:

"The thorns are of no use at all. Flowers have thorns just for spite."

"Oh!"

There was a moment of complete silence. Then the little prince flashed back at me, with a kind of resentfulness:

"I don't believe you! Flowers are weak creature. They are native. They reassure themselves at best they can. They believe that their thorns are terrible weapons…"

I did not answer. At that instant I was saying to myself: "If this bolt still won't turn, I am going to knock it out with the hammer." Again the little price disturbed my thoughts.

"And you actually believe that the flowers"

"Oh, no!" I cried. "No, no, no! I don't believe anything. I answered you the first thing that came into my head. Don't you see -- I am very busy with matters of consequence!"

He stared at me, thunderstruck.

"Matters of consequence!"

He looked at me there, with my hammer in my hand, my fingers black with engine-grease, bending over an object which seemed to him extremely ugly…

"You talk just like the grown-ups!"

That made me a little ashamed. But he went on, relentlessly:

"You mix everything up together…You confuse everything…"

He was really very angry. He tossed his golden curls in the breeze.

The little prince was now white with rage.

"The flowers have been growing thorns for millions of years. For millions of years the sheep have been eating them just the same. And is it not a matter of consequence to try to understand why the flowers go to so much trouble to grow thorns which are never of any use to them? Is the warfare between the sheep and the flowers not important? And if I know -- I, myself -- one flower which is unique in the world, which grows nowhere but on my planet, but which one little sheep can destroy in a single bite some morning, without even noticing what he is doing -- Oh! You think that is not important!"

His face turned from white to red as he continued:

"If some one loves a flower, of which just one single blossom grows in all the millions and millions of stars. He can say to himself, 'Somewhere, my flower is there…' But if the sheep eats the flower, in one moment all his stars will be darkened…And you think that is not important!"

He could not say anything more. His words were choked by sobbing.

The night had fallen. I had let my tools drop from my hands. Of what moment now was my hammer, my bolt, or thirst, or death? On one star, one planet, my planet, the Earth, there was a little prince to be comforted, I took him in my arms and rocked him. I said to him:

"The flower that you love is not in danger. I will draw you a muzzle for your sheep. I will draw you a railing to put around your flower. I will--"

I did not know what to say to him. I felt awkward and blundering. I did not know how I could reach him, where I could overtake him and go on hand in hand with him once more.

It is such a secret place, the land of tears.

以上就是为大家整理的英语课外阅读：The Little Prince，希望同学们阅读后会对自己有所帮助，祝大家阅读愉快。

英语最终备考：保持听力、保持阅读、保持写作

英语最终备考：保持听力、保持阅读、保持写作

最后几天，还需要大量背单词、看语法吗?吉林省实验中学省级特级教师、高三英语教师张春梅认为，这段时间考生只要做到三个保持，即保持阅读状态、保持听力状态、保持限时写作状态即可。“每天进行听力练习、阅读一篇文章、写一篇作文。”张老师说，考生只要保持良好的英语语境，灵活的英语反应能力，这样在考场上才能随机应变，超常发挥。

对于基础较差的考生，可利用最后的几天充分掌握考纲词汇。参照考纲，明确重点词汇的拼写、词义、词性、习惯用法和相应的短语搭配 高中历史;特别关注实词(如名词、动词、形容词、副词;据统计，实词的考查在高考中通常占到70%以上的比例)，考生考前应强化记忆一些常见的词语搭配，如名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语和一些词的习惯用法、常用不规则动词的过去式和过去分词等，同时要注意一词多义，要回想其出现的语境 注意联想和辨析。

高二英语必修5 Unit 1 SectionIII训练题

Ⅰ.词汇

1．____________ vt.建设；修建→____________ n．建设；建筑物

2．____________ vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→____________ n.

3．____________ adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的

4．____________ n．移动；运动；动作→____________ v.

5．____________ adj.热情的；热心的→____________ n.

6．____________ adj.小心的；谨慎的→____________ adv.→____________ n.

7．____________ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→____________ n.

8．____________ n．宇宙；世界

答案：truct；construction ribute；contribution tive ment；move usiastic；enthusiasm

6．cautious；cautiously；caution ct；rejection erse

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．________________ 为……做贡献或捐款；导致；有助于

2．________________ 除……之外；此外

3．________________ 对……要求严格

4．________________ 导致；通向

5．________________ 讲得通；有意义

6．________________ 对……热情

7．________________ 对……谨慎

8．________________ 态度；观点；看法

答案：ribute to t from 3.(be) strict with

4．lead to sense enthusiastic about

7．be cautious about t of view

Ⅲ.必背句型

1．____________________________of the other planets in the sky make sense.

只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

答案：Only if you put the sun there did the movements

2．Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis______________________________.

然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙赖以建立思想的基础。

答案：on which all our ideas of the universe are built

Ⅰ.品句填词

1．The origins of the ________(宇宙)are still a mystery.

答案：universe

2．The May 4th ________(运动) of 1919 is very important in the history of China.

答案：movement

3．Our teacher tells us that exercise ________(有助于)to good health.

答案：contributes

4．Several ________(热情的) young teachers have just started working at the school.

答案：enthusiastic

5．She’s got a really ________(积极的)attitude to life.

答案：positive

6．When her husband left home she felt ________(抛弃)and useless.

答案：rejected

Ⅱ.选词填空

reject；be strict with；enthusiastic；make sense of；make sense；cautious

1．I can’t ____________________this poem，but perhaps I will if I read it again.

答案：make sense of

2．Although I ____________________ by the university, I didn’t lose heart.

答案：had been rejected

3．As she ____________ very __________________ her children, they developed a good studying habit.

答案：was；strict with

4．Only after finishing reading the passage can you find it ____________________.

答案：makes sense

5．With so many people watching him, Jim was very ________________.

答案：cautious

6. He doesn’t sound ________________ about the place, in which his parents have ever worked.

答案：enthusiastic

Ⅲ.单项填空

1．(2011年福州三中检测)I don’t think his reason for being late makes ________.

A．use B．sense

C．value D．cause

解析：选B。考查make构成的短语的区别。句意：我认为他迟到的理由没有道理。make sense在这里是“有道理，讲得通”。

2．(2011年青岛高二检测)The teacher didn’t explain the problem clearly，so many students were ________.

A．confusing B．mixing

C．confused D．mixed

解析：选C。confused感到困惑的。而mixed意为“混杂的”不合题意。

3．(2011年石家庄高二检测)Firemen said the fire was under control，but they warned that the change in weather might ________ a new fire.

A．bring in B．break out

C．result from D．lead to

解析：选D。break out爆发，相当于不及物动词；result from后接原因，意为“由……引起”；lead to意为“导致，造成(后果)”符合题意，故选D。

4．(2011年湖州高二检测)The power station ________last year is a big one.

A．having been built B．built

C．being built D．to be built

解析：选B。考查过去分词作定语。The power station与build之间为被动关系，句中时间状语也暗示了应用过去分词形式作定语。注意having been built不用作定语。

5．(2011年河南实验高二检测)Only in this way ________to get there ahead of time.

A．you can hope B．you did hope

C．can you hope D．did you hope

解析：选C。句意：只有通过这种你才有希望提前到达那里。only修饰状语放在句首，主句要部分倒装，所以选C。B、D两项时态与句意不符。

6．A small but ________ crowd cheered as the players ran onto the field.

A．energetic B．enthusiastic

C．enjoyable D．encouraged

解析：选B。考查形容词的辨析。句意：运动员们进入场地时，虽少却热情的人群欢呼起来。energetic精力旺盛的；enjoyable令人愉快的；encouraged深受鼓舞的，都不合题意。

7．I cared for none of the presents ________the wonderful bag you bought for my 12th birthday.

A．in addition to B．as well as

C．in addition D．apart from

解析：选D。本题考查介词短语的意义和用法。根据题干语境意义，尤其是wonderful一词，可以推断讲话者只喜欢这件生日礼物，in addition to和as well as一样，表示并列关系，不符合题干意义；而in addition意为“另外”，后不接宾语，且不符合题意；apart from意为“除……之外”。

8．Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience________greatly to his success in public life.

A．owed B．contributed

C．attached D．related

解析：选B。句意：富兰克林通过观察和经验的有助于他的。“...”表示“把……归于……”，应该是“Franklin owed his success in public life to his ability to learn from observations and experience.”；...表示“把……附属在……”；related是形容词，而句中缺少谓语动词，因此不恰当。

9．—How do you________we go to Beijing for our holidays?

—I think we’d better fly ’s much more comfortable.

A．insist B．want

C．suppose D．suggest

解析：选D。根据答语可知，此处应选择suggest，意为“建议”。

10．Our students ought to ________our share to the coming college students’ sports meeting in our city.

A．contribute B．construct

C．instruct D．introduce

解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。contribute意为“奉献，贡献”。句意：我们应该为即将在我市举办的生运动会奉献自己的力量。而construct意为“建设”；instruct意为“指导”；introduce意为“介绍”，都不符合句子语境意义。

Ⅳ.完形填空

Every morning my friend would stop on the way to work to have a quick breakfast with her 8yearold she__1__him off at ate the same thing every morning：an egg sandwich，juice，coffee for her，and milk for him.

One day she ordered a(n)__2__ they finished eating and were heading out of the door，she__3__，said good morning to a homeless man sitting outside of the__4__，and gave him the breakfast she had ordered for __5__her，telling her it was his first meal during the last several__6__ couldn’t help but feel__7__and was glad she finally took__8__.

She told her son that she had seen the man every day that week there and that__9__，herself included，had offered him__10__，support，food，or __11__explained that homelessness could happen to anyone and that it was important to__12__needy people.

So her “Tradition of Kindness” __13__ day she and her son went on to__14__the homeless man __15__was kept until they moved away several years later，__16__the experience was firmly put into her son’s mind.

My friend__17__every time she tells me 高二 that this “Tradition of Kindness” goes on with her son，who remembers this__18__ working in a company，her son stops every morning at Starbucks for a coffee and offers a homeless person a breakfast before going to the__19__.

What a great tradition that he can__20__to his children as well!

【解题导语】 一个偶然的机会，作者的朋友把一份早餐给了一个流浪者，从此她和儿子开始了给流浪者买早餐的行动，这也成了他们的一个传统，她的儿子参加后依然继续着这种行动。

1． B．dropped

C．called D．drove

解析：选B。根据句中at school可知，作者的朋友开车把儿子送到学校。drop 让……下车。

2．t B．expensive

C．ordinary D．extra

解析：选D。根据下文内容可知，作者的朋友把一份早餐给了一个流浪者，这说明那份早餐是多出来的。

3．ped B．escaped

C．backed D．hid

解析：选A。作者的朋友和一个流浪者说话并给他早餐，说明她停了下来。

4． B．market

C．hotel D．restaurant

解析：选D。作者的朋友刚吃完早餐出来，由此可推断那个流浪者在饭店门口。

5．gnized B．refused

C．thanked D．found

解析：选C。根据常理，作者的朋友给那个流浪者早餐，他应该表示感谢。

6． B．minutes

C．months D．weeks

解析：选A。根据下一段every day that week可知，这个流浪者已经好几天没有吃东西了。

7． B．good

C．strange D．nervous

解析：选B。根据后半句中was glad可知，作者感到很开心。

8．on B．time

C．care D．effect

解析：选A。这里用短语take action，指的是她帮助了那个流浪者买早饭。作者的朋友每天早晨都在这里吃饭，今天是第一次给那个流浪者买早餐，所以是终于采取了行动。

9．yone B．someone

C．no one D．anyone

解析：选C。根据第二段it was his first meal可知，那个星期里，在她给那个流浪者早餐前，没有人帮助他，包括她自己在内。

10．ation B．information

C．comfort D．safety

解析：选C。与句中support，food，drink相应的是comfort，指对那个流浪者的安慰。

11．n B．further

C．once D．first

解析：选B。根据that后面的从句可知，这是她进一步解释的内容，故用further。

12．act B．encourage

C．follow D．help

解析：选D。根据前半句内容可推断，这里指帮助贫穷的人是很重要的。

13．n B．existed

C．failed D．changed

解析：选A。根据下文内容可知，作者的朋友不断地帮助那个流浪者，说明他们开始了做善事的传统。

14． B．buy

C．show D．award

解析：选B。自从第一次给流浪者买早餐后，他们继续这种善举，因此用buy。

15．ise B．agreement

C．order D．practice

解析：选D。这里用practice指他们给流浪者买早餐的这种行为习惯。

16．ough B．so

C．but D．because

解析：选C。他们搬家后就中断了这种善举，但是这段经历却深深地印在了儿子的心里。前后为转折关系。

17．s B．jumps

C．jokes D．smiles

解析：选D。根据as后面的内容可知，她对儿子的行为表示赞许，因此应该保持微笑。

18．ol B．childhood

C．youth D．adulthood

解析：选B。根据第一段her 8yearold son可推断，为流浪者提供早餐的传统从她儿子童年时就开始了。

19．ce B．cinema

C．store D．library

解析：选A。根据working in a company可知，她儿子给一个无家可归的人提供早餐后再去上班。

20．ect B．relate

C．pass D．move

解析：选C。根据to his children可知，作者希望他能够把这个传统也传给他的孩子们。

Ⅴ.阅读理解

Researchers at Oregon State University(OSU)have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that can not only walk and run very well，but use little energy at the same time.

Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work，create prosthetic limbs(假肢)for humans that work much better than in the past，or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get“walking”abilities.

“Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time，”said Jonathan Hurst，a professor at OSU.“What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot.”

The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to g little energy，they can move easily over hard areas，and enjoy balance from muscles(肌肉)．They have different ways to deal with forces，such as holding something hard in place rigidly(牢牢地)，like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car their recent studies，the OSU researchers proved that these two_abilities are mutually exclusive(相互排斥的)．Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of a robot，the more it’s able to do one of these tasks，the less able it is to do the other.

Presently，robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while this way uses a lot of OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance，but uses far less energy，and is closer to the abilities of animals.

“So there’s no reason why we shouldn’t be able to build robots with good movement ability，”Hurst said.“Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology.”

【解题导语】 如何使机器人不但能够走得好跑得好，而且还消耗较少的能量，这是摆在科学家面前的一个大问题。Oregon State University的研究者们正对此进行研究。

1．The robots being studied by researchers at OSU________.

A．are successful now

B．use little energy

C．do better than before

D．can run faster than humans

解析：选C。细节理解题。文章第一段指出，Oregon State University的研究者们所研究的机器人仍然处于研究阶段，文章只是表明取得了很大的进步。因此，对于其性能怎么样还很难确定。故答案选C。

2．Which of the following have researchers been studying all the time?

A．The robots’ movement.

B．The robots’ weight.

C．The robots’ sizes.

D．The robots’ walking speed.

解析：选A。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot可知，研究者们一直在研究机器人可以做哪些动作。故答案选A。

3．The underlined words“two abilities”in Para.4 refer to________.

A．walking and running

B．walking and holding

C．moving and using little energy

D．moving and balancing

解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的Using little energy，they can move easily over hard areas，and enjoy balance from muscles.可知，人类和动物在运动时能够保持身体平衡，因此，后面提到的这两项能力就是指的这两项。故答案选D。

4．According to Jonathan Hurst，we know that robots with good movement ability________.

A．can be used in medical science

B．are only used in highly dangerous situations

C．will hardly be created in the future

D．will have a bad influence on man

解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Jonathan Hurst所说的话，很长时间以来，制造出这样的机器人不是不可能，它们将有助于高危险区作业，也可用于假肢方面(医学)。故答案选A。

5．Which section of a newspaper is this passage probably taken from?

A．Business. B．Science.

C．Environment. D．Advertisement.

解析：选B。文章出处题。该文介绍了Oregon State University的研究者们对机器人的最新研究，因此该文最有可能从与科学相关的栏目中摘选，故选B。

高考英语听力十种实用技巧

1. 利用听前时间预测内容

利用听录音前的时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题题干和选项所提供的信息，预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，提高答题的准确率。

请看一个实例：

Where will the woman first go after work? （北京卷）

A. the cinema. B. the market. C. the restaurant.

相应的录音原文是：

M: Are you in the end going straight to the restaurant from work tonight?

W: Actually I am leaving work early because I need to do some shopping in the market. And after that I am going to meet Anne outside the cinema. She doesn't know where the restaurant is. You know.

首先通过浏览题目找出关键词where, first判定这是一道地点细节题，在听录音的过程中我们要着重寻找cinema, market, restaurant这三个词，同时判断哪一个是the first。虽然restaurant是第一个出现的词，但是从女方的'回答中，根据after的提示可知market是她第一个要去的地方。

2. 注意选项之间的区别

前面既然提到要在听力开始之前看题干和各个选项，那么，注意各选项中的主要区别则是非常重要的一点。你可能会看到一些不同的名字或地点或不同的动词，这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键，即关键词。在听的过程中需要敏锐搜索这一方面的有关词汇。

请看一个实例：

Which apartment is the woman interested in?（北京卷）

A. The one-bedroom apartment.

B. The two-bedroom apartment.

C. The three-bedroom apartment.

相应的录音原文是：

M: Hello.

W: Hello. I'm calling about the apartment you advertised in the newspaper.

M: Two-bedroom or three-bedroom?

W: No, the advertisement says one-bedroom, one bath.

M: Oh, sorry. That's not available now.

看到题中的三个选项，很明显，题目是要问女人感的楼层，那么女人中意的是一、二、三层的哪一层呢？答案应选A。

3. 不要犹豫答题

克服犹豫不决的毛病，对自己有把握的应快速作答，对无把握的也要在所听信息的基础上排除错误选项，进行优化处理。不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准备听新的题目。不管听什么材料，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，千万不能只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清时马上放弃，不要强迫听清每一个词，要把重点放在听关键词即实词上，一边听一边把要点及回答问题的关键词记下来。

高中英语快速提高英语单项选择

第一步，考生可以将单项选择题进行单独的分类整理。所谓的分类整理是将各个考点的试题单独抽选出来。整理的标准是：先从自己最薄弱的环节开始整理。假如冠词考点，你逢做必错，或者逢做都必须猜测，那么就可以首先对其进行整理。

第二步，认真研究自己整理的高考真题。各地的高考真题的大集合基本上囊括了一个考点的各种考查方式，通过全面研究，考生可以统筹并掌握各种考查方式，如果在考试中遇见该考点，相信考生丢分的可能性就大大降低了。不过，这一个步骤要求考生如同在学习一个新的知识点一样认真，只有这样才能开展第三步的工作。

第三步，经过第二步的认真学习之后，考生可以开始进行专项训练了。练习题怎么来呢?在第二轮复习的时候，考生一般都会做专题练习。这些练习题都是老师从历年高考题或者其他优秀模拟题中精选出来的，考生一定不能随便做做了事。

高中语法知识点：频度副词

一、频度副词的概念与用法

频度副词是指表示动作发生的次数副词，常见有的never, seldom, sometimes, frequently, often, usually, always 等。频度副词通常位于实义动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词等之后。如：

We often get together. 我们常常聚会。

Jane usually goes to work by bike. 简通常骑自行车上班。

He sometimes goes there on business. 他有时到那里出差。

He can never understand. 他永远也不会明白的。

I was never very good at maths. 我的数学从来不好。

Ishallalways remember this. 我将永远记住这一点。

You have often been told not to do that. 多次告诫过你别干那事。

注：如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如：

We have never been invited tooneof their parties. 他们聚会，一次也没邀请过我们。

Shemustsometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。

二、频度副词位于助动词之前两种情况