主语和定语从句的区别

很多同学都分不清主语从句和定语从句，下面为大家带来主语和定语从句的区别，欢迎阅览!

　　主语从句

　　一、定义 ：在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫做主语从句。

　　二、位置： 一般与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。但多数情况下用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后，避免头重脚轻。

　　三、主语从句的种类

(1) 由连词that引导的主语从句。

例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.

你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。

That you are so indifferent bothers me.

你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。

That she survived the accident is a miracle.

她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。

(2) 用连接代词或连接副词if, whether 引导的主语从句。

例如： Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.

他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。

When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.

他们什么时候来还不知道。

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

她来不来都无关紧要。

(3) 用关系代词引导的主语从句。

例如：What you need is more practice.

你所需要的是更多的训练。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。

Whatever we do is to serve the people.

我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。

主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上，也可以用it作形式主语，

而将从句放在句末(尤其是当谓语较短时)。

例如：That light travels in straight lines is knownto all.

光沿直线传播，这是众所周知的事。

=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.

众所周知光沿直线传播。

When the plane is to take off has not been announced .

飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。

= It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.

还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。

当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。

错:It is a book what he wants.

对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。

如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式，则必须用it作形式主语的结构。

例如：Has it been settled who will be sent to carry outthe task ?

谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗 ?

　　四、主语从句常用结构

(1) It is + 名词 + 从句

It is a fact that… 事实是……

It is good news that … ……是好消息

It is a question that … ……是个问题

It is common knowledge that … ……是常识

类似的名词还有：a pity;a wonder;a good thing; no wonder; surprise等。

例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened.

这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。

It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.

鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。

It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.

鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。

(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句

It is necessary that … 有必要……

It is clear that … 很清楚……

It is likely that … 很可能……

It is important that … 重要的'是……

类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good;wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while;surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.

例如：It is obvious that conductors and insulators areboth important in industry.

很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。

It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.

她是否能来令人怀疑。

It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you .

他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。

It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .

周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。

It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.

很明显我们不能这样下去了。

(3) It is + 过去分词 + 从句

It is said that … 据说……

It is reported that … 据报道……

It has been proved that … 已证明……

It must be proved that… 必须指出……

类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed;thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; madeclear; found out,etc.

例如：It is thought that he is the best player.

大家都认为他是最好的选手。

It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.

据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。

It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between twostars. 过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。

It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.

还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。

(4) It + 不及物动词 + 从句

It seems that … 好像是……

It happened that… 碰巧……

It follows that … 由此可见……

It has turned out that … 结果是……

类似的不及物动词还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turnout, etc.

例如：It turned out that nobody remembered the address.

结果是无人记得那个地址。

It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.

看起来他们急需帮助。

It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.

没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。

It happened that I saw him yesterday.

碰巧我昨天看见他了。

***** 当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。

例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody wherehe was.

让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。

It does not interest me whether you go or not.

我对你去不去不感兴趣。

***** It +某些固定结构+ 主语从句。

例如：It doesn’t make too much difference (It doesn’t make any difference / It doesn’t alter the situation)，whether it rains or not . 下不下雨都没有多大关系。

It does not make any difference whether it rains or not .

下不下雨没什么分别。

It does not make the least difference to me what you do.

对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。

Is it of much consequence to you that Mr. Wang has failed to do it ? 王先生没有做成这件事对你有什么重要影响吗?

　　定语从句

　　1 定义：在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。

(定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词——即先行词之后)

　　2 种类;

⑴限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说必不可少，如果省略句子意思不

完整，有时甚至会被歪曲，限定性定语从句不用“，”和句子的其他部

分隔开。

⑵非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句对说明句子意义来说未必必不可少，如果省略

句子意思仍然完整，非限定性定语从句通常用“，”和句子的其他

部分隔开。

例句：①限定性定语从句：正在睡觉的那个男孩是汤姆。

The boy who issleeping is Tom.

②非限定性定语从句：水，一种清澈透明的液体，很有用途。

Water,which is aclear liquid,has many uses.

　　3 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别：

⑴限定性定语从句不能省略，如果省略，句意不完整;

非限定性定语从句可以省略，如果省略，句意仍然完整。

⑵限定性定语从句不用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开;

非限定性定语从句用“，”把它和句子的其他部分隔开。

⑶限定性定语从句可以用that引导;

非限定性定语从句不可以用that引导。

⑷限定性定语从句的关联词有时可以省略(一般做宾语时省略);

非限定性定语从句的关联词不可以省略

⑸限定性定语从句一般只能用来修饰先行词;

非限定性定语从句可以用来修饰先行词，也可以用来修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。

　　4 关联词：

⑴关系代词(6个)：

who 谁(主语)

whom 谁(宾语)

whose 谁的(定语)

which 哪个(主语，宾语)

that (主语，宾语)

as 像～(主语，宾语)

⑵关系副词(3个)：

when ~时候

where　哪里

why　为什么