湖南省株洲市2019届高三教学质量统一检测英语试卷

一、阅读理解

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People You’ve Never Heard of Who Changed the World

It is a fact that most people live their lives unremarked by history. Whether by design or by accident, there are some pioneers whose achievements changed the course of history but whose names are unknown to us.

James Harrison

James Harrison has saved the lives of over two million people by donating his blood 1,173 times, a Guinness world record. His blood produces a rare antibody (抗体) which cures the otherwise deadly Rhesus disease in unborn children. It has also been used in the development of a medicine anti-D, which will cure the Rhesus disease in children forever.

Lewis Latimer

After helping Alexander Graham Bell obtain his patent for the telephone, Lewis Latimer patented a carbon filament (碳灯丝), which allowed light bulbs to burn for hours before burning out, much more useful than that invented by Thomas Edison. Latimer went on to invent many other useful devices, including a device which cooled and cleaned patients’ rooms in hospitals.

Maurice Hilleman

Not all achievements require bravery and self-sacrifice. Take Maurice Hilleman for example. He found another way to change the world. He developed the mumps vaccine (疫苗) after his daughter got the illness. And he didn’t stop there. In total, he has single-handedly developed over 40 vaccines, including eight commonly given to children. His work has saved millions of lives and prevented serious consequences due to the diseases.

Nils Bohlin

In 1959 Nils Bohlin patented a revolutionary design that has saved millions of lives － the three-point safety belt. After the initial resistance from drivers who hated being told what to do, and even for their own good, the three-point belt has become a standard feature in new cars around the world.

e patent allowed light bulbs to burn for hours before burning out

A. Alexander Graham Bell. B. Lewis Latimer.

C. Thomas Edison. D. Nils Bohlin.

’s the similarity between James Harrison and Maurice Hilleman

A. They both had spirits of bravery and self-sacrifice.

B. Their contributions saved the lives of many children.

C. They devoted themselves to work because of family members.

D. They both set a Guinness world record.

was drivers’ initial attitude to the three-point seat belt

A. They refused to use it. B. They were satisfied with it.

C. They were surprised at it. D. They got excited about it.

A while back I caught a news report on something called ―couch surfing‖ and the network of trusting souls who make this phenomenon possible. They offer to put up travelers free of charge and help them on their ways. At first, it sounded unbelievable. I mean, inviting strangers into one’s home for one or two nights Give me a break.

However, I was intrigued. I decided to investigate. The only way to truly learn about this phenomenon was to dive in. So I planned a trip to Finland, a country I’ve always wanted to explore. I would couch surf at every stop there.

If ever any anxiety existed when stepping into the unknown, it disappeared when my first host met me at the train station. Ari looked like my idea of a typical Finn: tall and blue-eyed. Finns were also supposed to be famously reserved (寡言少语的). Ari was anything but. He was a live wire, giving me an enthusiastic welcome and hiking with me to his apartment, where he showed me the sleeper sofa, served me tea, and engaged me in warm conversations. He also handed me a key to come and go as I pleased.

If this was what couch surfing was all about － trust and friendship － then I had gotten off to a good start. As I boarded my next train to continue my journey, I began to think about this couch-surfing idea. What urged these people to open their homes to strangers I concluded that there was a desire to lend a hand to like-minded folks who might enrich their own lives.

Seven cities in 14 days. Seven hosts. Seven new friends. If couch surfing taught me anything, it’s this: Most people are good and generous. Where will couch surfing take me next Who knows But I can’t wait to find out.

h of the following best explains ―intrigued‖ underlined in the second paragraph

A. Relaxed. B. Disgusted.

C. Interested. D. Embarrassed.

can we know about Ari

A. He was reserved like most Finns. B. He talked less but he was friendly.

C. He treated the author as a friend. D. He saw off the author at the train station.

did people offer couch surfing to strangers

A. To take an adventure with strangers.

B. To exchange houses for a short time.

C. To learn more about others’ family lives.

D. To enrich their own lives by helping others.

can be the suitable title for the text

A. Travel on Trust and Couches B. A Free Travel in Finland

C. Experiences in Strangers’ Houses D. A Plan for Couch Surfing

Think plants are just boring green things that you use for food and decoration Think again! Plants are able to do some pretty awesome things that you’re probably totally unaware of.

Researchers have discovered that plants have the ability to communicate with an underground network made up of fungus (真菌) , which serves the plants in many ways. Tomato plants use the fungus web to warn each other of their own unhealthy conditions. Trees connected through the fungus network could move nutrients (养分) to and from each other. It is believed that larger trees move nutrients to smaller ones to help them to survive.

Not only that, but they can also damage unwelcome plants by spreading poisonous chemicals through the fungus. It sounds like the plant world had the Internet before we did.

Some plants have a rather impressive line of defense against being eaten. When sensing they are being swallowed, they give off a chemical into the air that attracts the insect’s natural enemy. The enemy attacks the bug, thus saving the plants. This is basically the plant kingdom version of getting your older brother to beat up that kid who steals your lunch money.

You might be aware that humans and animals have an internal clock. But did you know that plants also have this clock This means they can prepare for certain times of day just like we do. Is it because they can react to light at sunrise In a study, scientists found that plants use the sugars they produce to keep time, which help to regulate the genes responsible for the plant’s own internal clock. So, in a sense, ―wake up with petunias (矮牵牛) ‖ is just as valid as ―wake up with the chickens.‖

Nature is full of surprises. So for those of you who didn’t know the wonders of plants, now you do.

many ways does the network of fungus serve the plants

A. Two. B. Three.

C. Four. D. Five.

does the underlined words ―your older brother‖ in Paragraph 4 refer to

A. The chemical given off by plants. B. The insect’s natural enemy.

C. The bug attacked by the enemy. D. The plant to be eaten by the insect.

helps the plant keep time

A. The sugars produced by itself. B. Its own genes.

C. The time of sunrise. D. Its response to light.

is the author’s purpose in writing the text

A. To show his love of different plants.

B. To share his study on some awesome plants.

C. To introduce the unknown abilities of plants.

D. To make people aware of plant protection.

After decades of playing catch-up with the U.S. and Russian space programs, China did something neither nation nor any other had done this December: land a spaceship on the dark side of the moon.

Strictly speaking, of course, the moon has no dark side. But because of the way it orbits Earth, our natural satellite shows us only one side － the other is hidden from our view. No one even saw the far side until 1959, when the Soviet Luna 3 spaceship flew around for a look and sent back photos. No astronaut or spaceship went there until this December, when the China National Space Agency (CNSA) launched a 2,500-pound lander called Chang’e-4 to the southern end of the lunar far side.

Chang’e-4 operated a small rover (探测车) to survey the geography there for the first time ever. By examining the geography of its landing area, Chang’e-4 could solve longstanding puzzles about the moon, including how it formed 4.5 billion years ago. Chang’e-4 also carried a very small ―lunar biosphere (生态圈) ‖ containing silkworm eggs and a tiny greenhouse designed to grow potatoes in order to study the growth of the seeds on the moon.

Besides Chang’e-4, China plans to launch Chang’e-5 in 20xx. Its mission will be to gather moon rocks using an orbiter, a lander or collector, an ascent stage (上升器) and a capsule that will separate from the orbiter and return the rocks to the earth. ―With these missions, the Chinese will have shown complete mastery of flight in the space between the earth and the moon,‖ said Paul Spudis, an experienced lunar researcher based in Houston.

CNSA has already outlined ideas for Chinese astronauts to follow the robots to the moon. Pei Zhaoyu, deputy director of CNSA’s Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center, told that China plans a permanent robotic lunar station in about 10 years and suggested a human presence on the moon another decade or so after that. Spudis said China’s ambitious Chang’e-4 and Chang’e-5 missions should send human’s plans for lunar return into rapid development.

do we know about the dark side of the moon from the first two paragraphs

A. Two western countries have taken its photos.

B. It is hidden from people’s view due to the earth’s orbit.

C. China is the first country to land a spaceship there.

D. It exists because the sun never shines there.

did Chang’e-4 operate a small rover

A. To study the geography of the lunar dark side.

B. To grow potatoes on the moon.

C. To examine the growth of eggs and seeds.

D. To survey the lunar biosphere.

h of the following can move apart from the orbiter of Chang’e-5

A. The lander. B. The collector.

C. The ascent stage. D. The capsule.

is Spudis’s attitude to China’s Chang’e-4 and Chang’e-5 missions

A. Cautious. B. Disapproving.

C. Ambiguous. D. Favorable.

二、七选五

How the Elderly Are Treated Around the World

How cultures view and treat their elderly is closely linked to their most prized values and qualities. 1.

In the US and UK, Protestantism (新教) is at play. Western cultures tend to be youth-centric, stressing qualities like independence. 2. It ties a person’s value to his or her ability to work – something that becomes weaker in old age. As their health becomes worse, the elderly in these cultures often move to old people’s homes and nursing homes.

In France, parents are protected by law. It is difficult to imagine an Elderly Rights Law being a focus in the laws of many Western cultures. France did, however, pass a similar law in 20xx. 3. One was a group of official statistics showing France had the highest rate of pensioner suicides in Europe, and the other was the aftermath of a heat wave that killed 15,000 people, most of whom were elderly and had been dead for weeks before they were found.

4. Native American cultures traditionally accept death as a fact of life. In many Native American areas, elders are respected for their wisdom and life experiences. Within Native American families, it’s common for the elders to be expected to pass down their learning to younger members of the family.

The way to care for Chinese elders is changing. Chinese families traditionally view respect for one’s elders as the highest virtue, according to the Confucian tradition. Adult children are generally expected to care for their parents in their old age. 5. Nursing homes are beginning to become a more socially acceptable option for elderly care.

A. However, this tradition is beginning to break down due to rising lifetime and an aging population.

B. In the African-American area, death is seen as an opportunity to celebrate life.

C. Here’s what we can learn from other cultures about treating the elderly.

D. But China faces the unique problem of tending to an increasingly elderly population.

E. Native American elders pass down their knowledge.

F. It was only passed following two disturbing events, though.

G. This relates back to the Protestant work rules.

三、完形填空

Everyone should go to his or her 50th high school reunion. There was a time I thought I’d never go even if the opportunity _______. But now I feel _______for people who don’t go.

I went to the _______of my high school on a Saturday evening, and I am glad I did. It was a gift to recognize some _______classmates right away — and to be recognized. _______, we had name tags and our _______photos on our clothing to help identify us. I recognized one woman immediately!

The most memorable and moving experience of the night was _______by a schoolmate and neighbor to whom I was once close. Unfortunately, we had a falling out in the high school. I never saw her after _______, but this time, I saw her name on a place setting. At first, I feared that I would _______her. But my better self won over, and I __________ her out. I kept looking until I got a(n) __________on my shoulder. There she was __________. We hugged as if nothing had ever __________and exchanged affectionate words. When the party __________, my old-new friend walked towards me, __________me again and wished me well. I returned her good wishes. All the bad __________melted into thin air.

I am grateful I had this __________to reunite with old classmates. After all, we are almost __________the final lap of our lifelong journeys. Some classmates had already left this __________, and their names were d from the list. Sometimes we have to walk back into the past because time does heal old wounds. We’re not the __________people. We are better people.

1.A. came down B. came up C. came through D. came off

2.A. sorry B. happy C. excited D. moved

3.A. competition B. reunion C. exhibition D. concert

4.A. latter B. former C. present D. future

5.A. Unluckily B. Unwillingly C. Normally D. Thankfully

6.A. old B. recent C. modern D. new

7.A. described B. provided C. promised D. ordered

8.A. graduation B. invitation C. retirement D. punishment

9.A. stare at B. turn to C. run into D. rely on

10.A. let B. drove C. sought D. pushed

11.A. instruction B. blow C. kiss D. tap

12.A. reading B. singing C. smiling D. dancing

13.A. happened B. changed C. disappeared D. mentioned

14.A. began B. ended C. continued D. lasted

15.A. encouraged B. praised C. hugged D. judged

16.A. news B. scores C. excuses D. memories

17.A. qualification B. situation C. talent D. chance

18.A. missing B. destroying C. nearing D. wasting

19.A. world B. city C. school D. class

20.A. important B. serious C. successful D. same

四、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With so much information available in books and online, it’s easy 1. (learn) a few new facts each day. But how much of that do you 2. (actual) remember 3. your answer is ―not much, here is the good news. Scientists at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, recently designed a new typeface (字体) 4. was invented with read-it-and-forget-it people 5. mind. Very appropriately, it’s called Sans Forgetica.

The idea behind Sans Forgetica is simple. The typeface is a tiny bit 6. (difficulty) to read, which 7. (mean) your brain has to work twice as hard to understand what it says. Because of that deeper focus, you’ll have a better memory for whatever you’re reading. That’s not just a theory, either. The typeface was created by a team of 8. (researcher) from RMIT University’s School of Design and its Behavioural Business Lab. The group worked with a famous typographer Stephen Banham to test and improve 9. (they) product.

The typeface uses principles of cognitive psychology to create an effect 10. (know) as desirable difficulty, the researchers note, ―which causes the brain to take part in deeper cognitive processing. The result is improved memory.

五、短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的'词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。

When I was young, my mother work at a hospital far away from my home. In the morning, she got up early than anyone else in my family to prepare breakfast for us, and then sent me and my brother to school. This went on for 18 year. She was never complained about it. No matter how tiring she was, she always had enough energy to be my mom. However, during holiday seasons, she had to work, that damaged my spirit because she was most important person to me. Last Christmas Eve, I went to the hospital to visit him. Seeing her devotion to care for the patients, I began to understand her job but feel proud of her.

六、提纲类作文

你准备参加国际中学生英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿，谈谈你学习英语的目的、学习经验或者教训以及继续外语学习的规划。

注意：1.词数 100 左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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