2015大学英语六级词汇之虚拟语气

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。虚拟语气可用于多种句式中。

　用法

　1. 用在简单句中

虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：

May you be happy. 祝你幸福。

May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!

2. 用在宾语从句中

动词 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose 等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，“should” 可以省略。如;

I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我这一边。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3. 用在主语从句中

“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that...”结构中，主语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气;“It is time(about time， high time)that...”结构中，主语从句的谓语用“过去时动词形式或 should+动词原形”也表示虚拟语气。如;

It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。

It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 我们该回家了。

4. 用在表语从句、同位语从句中

在 suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，advice，decision 等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”。如：

My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我建议我们马上去那儿。

What do you think of his proposal that we should put on an English play at the party?

我们在晚会上演一部英语话剧，你觉得我的建议怎么样?

5. 用在一般虚拟条件句中

虚拟语气用在一般虚拟条件句中，表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。

1) 与现在事实相反的假设。句子结构为：从句：if+主语+动词的过去式(be 变 were)+其他;主句： 主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他。如：

If I were you, I would promise him. 如果我是你，就答应他了。

2) 与过去事实相反的假设。句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他;主句：主语+should(would,

could, might)+现在完成时+其他。如：

If you had practice more last term, you could have passed the writing exam.

如果上学期你多做练习的话，就能通过写作考试了。

3) 对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。句子结构为：从句：If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他;主句：主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形。如;

If he were to leave for Qingdao tomorrow. He might tell you. 如果他明天去青岛，会告诉你的。

注意事项

1. If 引导的状语从句可省略 if

有时 if 引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。如：

Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。

2. 虚拟条件句或主句的省略

有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。如：

I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。

If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊!

She should have come to the meeting. 她应该来参加会议。

3. 虚拟条件句和主句的时态可不一致

虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作时态可以和主句的`动词动作时态不一致。

1) 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。如：

If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now.如果他们昨天早出发的话，现在就到这儿了。

2) 从句表示将来，主句表示过去。如：

If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film

with you last night。如果我今天下午不准备试验的话，我昨晚就陪你去看电影了。

3) 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。如：

If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week。如果我们准备不充分的话，就不敢做下周的试验。

4) 从句表示将来，主句表示现在。如：

If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now.如果我今天下午没有考试的话，我现在就去购物了。

4. 其他用法

1) “would rather + 主语 + 谓语动词过去时结构” 表示现在或将来的情况; “would rather + 主语 + 动词过去完成时结构”表示过去的情况。如：

I’d rather he didn’t go now. 要是他现在不走就好了。

I’d rather you had been here yesterday. 要是你昨天在这儿就好了。

2) “If only + 主语 + 动词过去时形式”表示与现在事实相反;“If only + 主语 + 动词过去完成时形式表示与过去事实相反。如：

If only you would listen to our advice. 要是你听我们的建议就好了。

If only I had not been busy last week! 要是上周我不忙该多好啊!

If only she could marry me. 但愿她能嫁给我。

3) 虚拟条件句隐含在句中的介词、动词不定式、动名词或分词等短语中。常用的词或短语有：without,but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。如：

Without your help (If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功的。

But for electricity (If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.他当时正在开会，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

I would have done the same in similar circumstances. 在类似的情况下，我也会这样做的。

Legalizing this drug would have very serious consequences.使这种药品合法化就会带来非常严重的后果。

To drink the last canteen of water would mean death to all the sailors.喝了最后一壶水就意味着所有水手的死亡。

4) 连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”等可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“ (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的

should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。如：

He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 他带着雨衣以防下雨。

I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.我不会出声的，以免打扰你。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.在使用这种方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。